<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-8376</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de investigación clínica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. invest. clín.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-8376</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-83762024000600262</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ric.24000192</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Assessment of Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Activator of Nf-&#922;b Ligand in Malaysian Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bitar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ahmad N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Mansoub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Majed A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syed-Sulaiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Syed A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saqallah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fadi G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyder-Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irfhan A.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alshehade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salah A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayat-Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University Sultan Zainal Abidin]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Terengganu ]]></addr-line>
<country>Malaysia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Department of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Malaysia Sarawak University]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sarawak ]]></addr-line>
<country>Malaysia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University Sains Malaysia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Penang ]]></addr-line>
<country>Malaysia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Respiratory Department Penang General Hospital ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Penang ]]></addr-line>
<country>Malaysia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences MAHSA University]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Selangor ]]></addr-line>
<country>Malaysia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>262</fpage>
<lpage>273</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-83762024000600262&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-83762024000600262&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-83762024000600262&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: Limited information exists regarding the pathophysiological interactions between osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  Objective: To study the association of Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-&#914; ligand (RANKL) in male COPD patients.  Methods: An observational clinical study was conducted at Penang General Hospital in Malaysia. Participants were divided into three groups: COPD patients with osteoporosis, COPD patients without osteoporosis, and healthy participants of the same age groups. Serum OPG (sOPG) and RANKL (sRANKL) levels were investigated.  Results: The mean age of COPD patients was 64.10 ± 10.04 years. COPD patients had lower body mass index (23.22 ± 6.43) than healthy participants (27.32 ± 6.80). The T-score was significantly lower among COPD patients than healthy participants (p = 0.018). The sOPG concentration among healthy participants was significantly higher (361.90 ± 29.10 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.001) than in the other groups, while the sRANKL concentration was not significantly different. The serum OPG/RANKL concentration was markedly higher in the control group than in the COPD patient group (p &lt; 0.05). The COPD patients with osteoporosis had significantly lower pulmonary parameters (forced expiratory volume in the first [FEV]1% and FEV1/[forced vital capacity] (FVC), p &lt; 0.01) and more dyspnea (modified medical research council = 2.60 ± 0.78 versus 1.90 ± 0.70, p &lt; 0.01) than did the patients without osteoporosis. Furthermore, patients with severe COPD had a 3 times greater risk of developing osteoporosis (OR = 2.997 [95% CI = 2.181, 4.118], p &lt; 0.001), while spirometric parameters had a significant inverse relationship with osteoporosis (FEV1% OR = 0.970, [95% CI = 0.954, 0.986], p = 0.001; FEV1/FVC OR = 0.984, (95% CI = 0.970, 0.999], p = 0.035).  Conclusion: The study concluded that COPD patients had lower sOPG levels, leading to decreased OPG/RANKL ratio and faster bone resorption. Low bone mineral density was associated with more severe COPD. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(6):262-73)]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteoporosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteoprotegerin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-&#914; ligand]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Molecular bone turnover markers. Osteoclastogenesis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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