<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-8376</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de investigación clínica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. invest. clín.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-8376</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-83762024000100029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/ric.23000210</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Longitudinal Trends in HIV-1 Subtypes and Drug Resistance in Children from Argentina over a 15-Year Period (2006-2021)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arazi-Caillaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Solange]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bologna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aulicino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan" Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan" Epidemiology Service ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-83762024000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-83762024000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-83762024000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in children and adolescents infected with the virus.  Objectives: The objectives of the study are to investigate HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients who attended a referral care center in Argentina over a 15-year period and to compare mutational patterns between HIV-1 pol sequences characterized as B or BF recombinants.  Methods: Individual resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) (to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors) were identified according to IAS-USA guidelines in 374 HIV-1-infected children and adolescents. HIV-1 subtype was characterized by phylogenetic and recombination analysis using MEGA5.1 and Simplot. Poisson linear regression was used to model the dynamics of the RAMs over time.  Results: The prevalence of RAMs to protease inhibitors (R2 = 0.52, p = 0.0012) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (R2 = 0.30, p = 0.0225) decreased over time. HIVDR to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors remained moderate to high, ranging between 33% and 76%. BF recombinants showed a higher frequency of thymidine analog mutation 1 RAMs profile and I54V mutation.  Conclusion: In Argentina, HIVDR observed in children and adolescents has decreased over the past 15 years, regardless of the viral subtype.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Human immunodeficiency virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Human immunodeficiency virus subtypes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
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