<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462025000100008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/nct.m25000008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Biología del SARS-CoV-2 y descripción de sus variantes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Biology of SARS-CoV-2 and description of its variants]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Terán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía-Nepomuceno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fidencio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Enfermedades Emergentes y EPOC ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of California Department of Evolutionary Biology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Irvine California]]></addr-line>
<country>United States of America</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN A finales del año 2019, en la provincia de Wuhan, China, se detectaron los primeros casos de neumonía sin agente viral conocido. Más tarde, en el mes de enero de 2020, se anunció que el agente era un nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Al no existir inmunidad poblacional contra este nuevo virus, la enfermedad se esparció alrededor del mundo en poco tiempo, y para marzo de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró a la nueva enfermedad COVID-19 como una pandemia. A partir de entonces, el virus ha causado más de 7 millones de muertes y más de 700 millones de casos. El SARS-CoV-2 ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo y se ha clasificado en variantes, así como en linajes y sublinajes. La última variante se denominó ómicron, teniendo como característica una gran cantidad de mutaciones principalmente en la proteína de membrana Spike, que le confieren cambios en la replicación, en la patogénesis y en la evasión de la respuesta inmunitaria estimulada por la vacunación o por las reinfecciones. En este artículo se realiza una descripción breve de la biología del SARS-CoV-2, las características principales de las diferentes variantes y las vacunas que se han desarrollado para las infecciones y los casos graves de la enfermedad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT At the end of 2019, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were detected in Wuhan Province, China. Later, in January 2020, it was announced that the agent was a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Since there was no immunity against this new virus, the disease quickly spread around the world, and by March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the new COVID-19 disease as a pandemic. Since then, the virus has caused more than 7 million deaths and more than 700 million cases. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has changed over time and has been classified into variants, as well as lineages and sub lineages. The latest variant, named omicron, was characterized by a large number of mutations, mainly in the Spike membrane protein, which conferred changes in replication, pathogenesis, and evasion of the immune response stimulated by vaccination or reinfections. This article briefly describes the biology of SARS-CoV-2, the main characteristics of the different variants, and the vaccines developed for avoid infections and severe cases of the disease.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciclo de replicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Variantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Vigilancia genómica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Replication cycle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Variants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genomic surveillance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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