<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462021000300188</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/102479</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Respiración disfuncional: una nueva vista a un mal longevo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dysfunctional breathing: a new look to a long-lived ailment]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcaraz-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho-Alamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar Joseph]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>188</fpage>
<lpage>196</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000300188&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000300188&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000300188&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La respiración disfuncional es un trastorno heterogéneo caracterizado por diversas alteraciones en las variables que comprenden la mecánica y dinámica respiratoria. Agrupa diferentes tipos de patrones respiratorios anormales. Dentro del cual encontramos al síndrome de hiperventilación, respiración torácica dominante, suspiración periódica profunda, asincronía toracoabdominal y espiración forzada abdominal. Se ha identificado como un trastorno frecuente de manera aislada y como comorbilidad en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias y cardíacas principalmente. Es escasamente conocida como entidad, sin embargo, su estudio es fundamental debido a que la evidencia muestra una carga significativa sobre la calidad de vida. El reconocimiento es el elemento más fuerte del abordaje en estos pacientes y, aunque no cuenta con un abordaje diagnóstico claramente definido, en los últimos años han surgido pruebas que parecen prometedoras para la evaluación del patrón respiratorio. Los tratamientos actuales muestran tendencia positiva en cuanto a diversos desenlaces. Se tiene una oportunidad futura para desarrollar ensayos clínicos que permitan detallar estas terapias y dirigirlas hacia los diversos subtipos de la respiración disfuncional. Con la presente revisión se pretende brindar un panorama claro, explicando de manera general los elementos que intervienen en la fisiopatología, además de presentar una panorámica sobre las pruebas diagnósticas y tratamientos. Esperamos aportar una perspectiva distinta del trastorno que permita el diseño de ensayos clínicos venideros.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Dysfunctional breathing is a term that groups together different types of abnormal breathing patterns. It has been identified as a common disorder; in isolation and as a comorbidity in patients with respiratory and cardiac diseases specially. It is poorly known as an entity; however, its study is essential because the body of evidence show a significant burden on quality of life. Recognition is the strongest element of the approach in these patients and, although it does not have a clearly defined diagnostic approach, in recent years, tests have emerged that seem promising for the evaluation of the respiratory pattern. Current treatments show a positive trend in various outcomes. There is a future opportunity to develop clinical trials to detail these therapies and target the various subtypes of dysfunctional breathing. The present review aims to provide a clear picture, explaining in a general manner the elements that intervene in pathophysiology, in addition to presenting a perspective on diagnostic tests and treatments. We hope to provide a different perspective of the disorder that will allow the design of future clinical trials.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Respiración disfuncional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome de hiperventilación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entrenamiento respiratorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patrones respiratorios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dysfunctional breathing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hyperventilation syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[respiratory breathing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[breathing patterns]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Getting to grips with &#8220;dysfunctional breathing&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Paediatr Respir Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boulding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stacey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir Rev]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>141</numero>
<issue>141</issue>
<page-range>287-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Valck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clément]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van de Woestijne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of breathing therapy on complaints, anxiety and breathing pattern in patients with hyperventilation syndrome and anxiety disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Psychosom Res]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>481-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emotional sources of dysfunctional breathing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bodyw Mov Ther]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>224-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKinley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Price]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in adults in the community with and without asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prim Care Respir J]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>78-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeGuire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gevirtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hawkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathing retraining: a three-year follow-up study of treatment for hyperventilation syndrome and associated functional cardiac symptoms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biofeedback Self Regul]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>191-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperventilation: the tip and the iceberg]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Psychosom Res]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>375-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brashear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperventilation syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lung]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>257-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysfunctional breathing in asthma: is it common, identifiable and correctable?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>^s2</numero>
<issue>^s2</issue>
<supplement>2</supplement>
<page-range>II31-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Law]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Low]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bardin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysfunctional breathing is more frequent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than in asthma and in health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Physiol Neurobiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>247</volume>
<page-range>20-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cauberghs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schepers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van den Bergh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unsteadiness of breathing in patients with hyperventilation syndrome and anxiety disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>167-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Negro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Funk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feldman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathing matters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>351-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boiten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frijda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wientjes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emotions and respiratory patterns: review and critical analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Psychophysiol]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>103-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical intensive care medicine. Introductory series in medicine: Volume 1]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>41-69</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Singapore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Scientific Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remmers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Braking of expiratory airflow in obese pigs during wakefulness and sleep]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Physiol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>241-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shelledy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Proud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mechanical ventilation]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>256-7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bington, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutschmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The physiological significance of post inspiration in respiratory control. Prog]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>212</volume>
<page-range>113-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davenport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coordination of cough and swallow: a meta-behavioral response to aspiration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Physiol Neurobiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>189</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>543-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shannon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baekey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Production of reflex cough by brainstem respiratory networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pulm Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>369-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[QJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilowsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The generation of pharyngeal phase of swallow and its coordination with breathing: interaction between the swallow and respiratory central pattern generators]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prog Brain Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>212</volume>
<page-range>253-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wheeler Hegland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davenport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lung volume measured during sequential swallowing in healthy young adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Speech Lang Hear Res]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>777-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brain stem control of swallowing: neuronal network and cellular mechanisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physiol Rev]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>929-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenbek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of expiratory muscle strength training on voluntary cough and swallow function in Parkinson disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1301-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez-Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruffault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouvier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morin-Surun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zampieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic identification of a hindbrain nucleus essential for innate vocalization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<numero>30</numero>
<issue>30</issue>
<page-range>8095-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perpiñá-Tordera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Síndrome de hiperventilación y asma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Bronconeumol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>^s3</numero>
<issue>^s3</issue>
<supplement>3</supplement>
<page-range>6-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The pathophysiology of hyperventilation disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>516-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dixhoorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duivenvoorden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of Nijmegen Questionnaire in recognition of the hyperventilation syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Psychosom Res]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>199-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CRF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysfunctional breathing: what do we know?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bras Pneumol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dixhoorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Folgering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Nijmegen Questionnaire and dysfunctional breathing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ERJ Open Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>00001-2015</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dixhoorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anthonissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medically unexplained dyspnea: partly moderated by dysfunctional (thoracic dominant) breathing pattern]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Asthma]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>259-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schepers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van den Bergh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van de Woestijne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychosomatic symptoms and breathing pattern]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Psychosom Res]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>319-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hornsveld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Spiegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Haes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Double-blind placebo-controlled study of the hyperventilation provocation test and the validity of the hyperventilation syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<numero>9021</numero>
<issue>9021</issue>
<page-range>154-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hornsveld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The low specificity of the hyperventilation provocation test]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Psychosom Res]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>435-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delapille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tourny-Chollet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasquis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breath-holding time: effects of non-chemical factors in divers and non-divers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pflugers Arch]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>442</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>588-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Controlled study of respiratory responses during prolonged measurement in patients with chronic hyperventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>328</volume>
<numero>8511</numero>
<issue>8511</issue>
<page-range>826-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dixhoorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of breathing pattern: comparison of a manual assessment of respiratory motion (MARM) and respiratory induction plethysmography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>91-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenouri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazeroglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sackner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathing patterns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>286-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verschakelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demedts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normal thoracoabdominal motions. Influence of sex, age, posture, and breath size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>399-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lally]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physiological and conventional breath-hold breaking points]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Physiol]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>291-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lumb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Control of breathing]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lumb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nunn&#8217;s respiratory physiology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<edition>8</edition>
<page-range>51-72</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Butterworth-Heinemann]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauhkonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mini review shows that structured light plethysmography provides a non-contact method for evaluating breathing patterns in children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Paediatr]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1398-405</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emtner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison between patients with dysfunctional breathing and patients with asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Respir J]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>86-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lougheed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dynamic hyperinflation during bronchoconstriction in asthma: implications for symptom perception]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1072-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buxton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falconer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for the physiotherapy management of the adult, medical, spontaneously breathing patient]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>i1-i52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gosselink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathing techniques in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chron Respir Dis]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>163-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duranti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iandelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Misuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathlessness and control of breathing in patients with COPD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monaldi Arch Chest Dis]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cluff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic hyperventilation and its treatment by physiotherapy: discussion paper]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J R Soc Med]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>855-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The carbon dioxide syndrome]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>59-63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Coorparoo, Australia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Buteyko On Line Ltd]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Buteyko breathing technique for asthma: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Complement Ther Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oborne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson Coon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>674-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities of the Buteyko breathing method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biofeedback]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>59-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holloway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[West]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated breathing and relaxation training (the Papworth method) for adults with asthma in primary care: a randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1039-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jerath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>107-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhimani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulkarni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kowale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Pranayama on stress and cardiovascular autonomic function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Physiol Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>370-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerbarg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sudarshan Kriya Yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: Part II&#8212;clinical applications and guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Altern Complement Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>711-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basilakos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Love-Myers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring the benefits of unilateral nostril breathing practice post-stroke: attention, language, spatial abilities, depression, and anxiety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Altern Complement Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>185-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fregonezi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendonca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathing exercises for adults with asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>CD001277</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ekanayake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dharmage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review of the effectiveness of breathing retraining in asthma management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Rev Respir Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>789-807</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faager]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stahle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of spontaneous pursed lips breathing on walking endurance and oxygen saturation in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>675-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soo Hoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of pursed-lips breathing: a breathing pattern retraining strategy for dyspnea reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>237-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hondras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manual therapy for asthma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nugus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roughton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rayner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does manual therapy provide additional benefit to breathing retraining in the management of dysfunctional breathing? A randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Disabil Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>763-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breslin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The pattern of respiratory muscle recruitment during pursed-lip breathing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>75-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiep]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pursed lips breathing training using ear oximetry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>218-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gift]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soeken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relaxation to reduce dyspnea and anxiety in COPD patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurs Res]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>242-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic obstructive lung disease: postural relief of dyspnea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Phys Med Rehabil]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>494-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reiter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zipko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of inspiratory muscle training on dynamic hyperinflation in patients with COPD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>797-805</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>68</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moisan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machnach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postural relief of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Rev Respir Dis]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>201-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<label>69</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geddes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inspiratory muscle training in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an update of a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1715-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<label>70</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shoemaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the state of the evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cardiopulm Phys Ther J]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>5-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
