<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462021000300173</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/102477</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia y características de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la República de Panamá]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Panama Republic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noriega-Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorena Itzel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amny]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de las Enfermedades Respiratorias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Especializada de las Américas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de Panamá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Panama</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>173</fpage>
<lpage>178</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000300173&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000300173&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462021000300173&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Objetivo:  Determinar la prevalencia y las características de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en pacientes con síntomas respiratorios en la República de Panamá.  Material y métodos:  Se realizó un estudio en población general, mediante un muestreo por conglomerado en todas las provincias de la República de Panamá; en mayores de 40 años fue aplicado un cuestionario de síntomas respiratorios y se realizó una espirometría simple con broncodilatador a los que resultaron sintomáticos.  Resultados:  Aplicamos 877 encuestas en mayores de 40 años en las 10 provincias de la República de Panamá; 39 participantes presentaron síntomas y espirometría de EPOC, correspondiendo a una prevalencia global para Panamá, en sintomáticos respiratorios, de 4.4% (IC 3.1-5.8), 56.4% (IC 40.8-72.0) del sexo masculino, 82.1% (IC 70.1-94.1) no tenía diagnóstico previo de EPOC, y sólo 20.5% (IC 7.83-33.2) se había realizado previamente una espirometría; 43.6% (IC 28.0-59.1) tenía historia de tabaquismo positivo y 30.7% (IC 16.2-45.2) de exposición a biomasa; 28.2% (11/39) corresponden a estadío GOLD A, 38.5% (15/39) a GOLD B, 2.5% (1/39) a GOLD C y 30.8% (12/39) corresponden a GOLD D. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: rinitis en 38.4% (IC 23.2-53.7), hipertensión arterial en 35.9% (IC 20.8-51.0) y síntomas de reflujo gastroesofágico en 23.1% (IC 9.9-36.3). Los anticolinérgicos de acción prolongada fueron los fármacos más utilizados.  Conclusiones:  La prevalencia de EPOC en sintomáticos respiratorios en Panamá es baja, se presenta principalmente en el sexo masculino; el tabaquismo y la biomasa son las exposiciones más frecuentes. La espirometría para su diagnóstico está subutilizada. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron rinitis, hipertensión arterial y reflujo gastroesofágico. Dos terceras partes de las EPOC correspondieron a los grupos B y D de GOLD, que son los más sintomáticos. Los anticolinérgicos de acción prolongada son los fármacos más utilizados y los esteroides inhalados se usaron en todos los grupos GOLD.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Objective:  To determine the prevalence and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in the Panama Republic.  Material and methods:  A prevalence study was carried out in the Republic of Panama, in subjects over 40 years of age, who answered affirmatively to the survey of respiratory symptoms, and in whom the diagnosis of COPD was confirmed, after a clinical evaluation and spirometry study.  Results:  877 surveys were applied to people over 40 years of age in the 10 provinces of the Republic of Panama. 39 participants presented COPD symptoms and spirometry, corresponding to a global prevalence for Panama of 4.4% CI (3.1-5.8). 56.4% CI (40.8-72.0) were male. 82.1% CI (70.1-94.1) had no previous diagnosis of COPD and 20.5% CI (7.83-33.2) had previously performed spirometry. The 43.6% CI (28.0-59.1) had positive smoking and 30.7% CI (16.2-45.2) had a history of exposure to biomass. The 46.1% CI (30.4-61.7) was classified in GOLD group B, 28% CI (13.9-42.0) in group D, 20.5% CI (7.8-33.1) in group A and 5.1% in group C, CI (3.5-6.7). The most frequent comorbidities, rhinitis 38.4% CI 95 (23.2-53.7), arterial hypertension 35.9% CI (20.8-51.0) and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux 23.1% CI (9.9-36.3). The long-acting anticholinergics were most frequent drugs used.  Conclusions:  The prevalence of COPD in Panama is low; it occurs mainly in males, smoking and exposure to biomass are the most frequent exposures. Spirometry for its diagnosis is underused. The most frequent comorbidities were rhinitis, arterial hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux. Two thirds of COPD correspond to GOLD groups B and D, which are the most symptomatic, and the treatment they receive most frequently is based on long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilators.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevalencia de tabaquismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Panamá]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[smoking prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Panama]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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