<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462019000200122</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Xpert®MTB/RIF para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis en condiciones programáticas en una región de alta endemicidad en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Xpert®MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of tuberculosis under programmatic conditions in a region of high endemicity in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Batalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrego-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laniado-Laborín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Tijuana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Baja California ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,CONACYT Sistema Nacional de Investigadores ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>122</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462019000200122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462019000200122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462019000200122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes:  El diagnóstico de la tuberculosis se ha revolucionado en la última década con la introducción de pruebas moleculares rápidas para identificación de especie y resistencia a fármacos.  Material y métodos:  Se analizó la base datos del Xpert®MTB/RIF de la Clínica y Laboratorio de Tuberculosis del Hospital General Tijuana para un período de tres años, seleccionando los casos que tuviesen, además, baciloscopia y cultivo para tuberculosis.  Resultados:  Se registraron 283 pruebas consecutivas de Xpert®MTB/RIF, 192 de las cuales contaban también con resultados de cultivo. La sensibilidad del Xpert®MTB/RIF en pacientes con baciloscopia positiva (&#8805; 1+) fue de 94%; en pacientes con baciloscopia positiva menor de una cruz (cuantificada en bacilos por 100 y 200 campos) la sensibilidad fue de 89.2%. El Xpert®MTB/RIF resultó positivo en 93 de los 104 pacientes con cultivo positivo para MTB (sensibilidad global del Xpert®MTB/RIF versus cultivo: 89.4%).  Conclusiones:  La prueba de Xpert es altamente reproducible bajo condiciones programáticas y debe ir reemplazando a la baciloscopia, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, como prueba inicial en pacientes con sospecha de drogorresistencia y comorbilidad por VIH.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background:  the diagnosis of tuberculosis has been revolutionized in the last decade with the introduction of rapid molecular tests for species identification and drug resistance.  Material and methods:  the Xpert®MTB/RIF database of the Tijuana General Hospital and Tuberculosis Laboratory was analyzed for a period of three years, selecting the cases that also had smear microscopy and culture for tuberculosis.  Results:  There were 283 consecutive tests of Xpert®MTB/RIF, of which 192 also had culture results. The sensitivity of Xpert®MTB/RIF in smear positive patients (&#8805; 1+) was 94%; in patients with positive but with scant bacilli (quantified in bacilli per 100 and 200 fields), the sensitivity was 89.2%. The Xpert®MTB/RIF was positive in 93 of the 104 patients with positive culture for MTB (overall sensitivity of Xpert®MTB/RIF versus culture: 89.4%).  Conclusions:  The Xpert MTB/RIF is a highly reproducible test under programmatic conditions and should replace microscopy according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization as an initial test in patients with suspected drug-resistant tuberculosis and comorbidity due to HIV.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Xpert®MTB/RIF]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacorresistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagnóstico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Xpert®MTB/RIF]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug-resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in adults and children]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Policy update. WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Plataforma Única de Información/SUIVE/DGE/SS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[CONAPO Proyección 2010-2050]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[cierre CUBOS/DGIS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laniado-Laborin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: State of the Art]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Respir Med Rev]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>73-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay to detect pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults and children. Expert group meeting report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[WHO/HTM/TB/2013]]></source>
<year></year>
<page-range>14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative study of geneXpert with ZN stain and culture in samples of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Diagn Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>DC09-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dharan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blakemore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sloutsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of the G4 Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance: a retrospective case-control study of analytical and clinical samples from high and low-tuberculosis prevalence settings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>764</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caulfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wengenack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis of active tuberculosis disease: From microscopy to molecular techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>33-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Xpert MTB/RIF implementation manual technical and operational &#8216;how-to&#8217;: practical considerations]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Implementing the end TB strategy: the essentials]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
