<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0026-1742</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0026-1742</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0026-17422018000400043</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Valoración preoperatoria del adulto mayor]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Preoperative evaluation of the elderly]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Landero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[d´Hyver de las Deses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia &#8220;Lomas Verdes&#8221; ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0026-17422018000400043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0026-17422018000400043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0026-17422018000400043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El envejecimiento de la población ha generado la necesidad de adecuar la valoración preoperatoria para el grupo de los adultos mayores, ya que además de las alteraciones fisiológicas consecuencia del envejecimiento, se añade la elevada comorbilidad y la presencia de síndromes geriátricos que deben considerarse para la estimación del riesgo quirúrgico, con el objetivo de disminuir complicaciones postoperatorias y favorecer la reintegración a su medio social en el menor tiempo posible y con el mayor grado de independencia. La valoración preoperatoria identificará en la anamnesis todas las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos que pueden impactar en el periodo perioperatorio. Deben solicitarse los estudios de laboratorio y gabinete indispensables para medir la severidad de enfermedades conocidas o establecer un nivel basal prequirúrgico, y de ninguna manera la edad justifica indicar pruebas extensas. Como en el adulto joven, la enfermedad cardiovascular es la comorbilidad más prevalente y es primordial su adecuada cuantificación. Un punto importante a determinar es el riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia renal aguda y se debe enfatizar en las medidas preventivas para limitar esta complicación. Una condición asociada a la enfermedad cardiovascular es el uso de antiagregantes plaquetarios o anticoagulantes orales cuyo empleo no debe retrasar los procedimientos quirúrgicos, por lo que su correcto empleo mejorará el desenlace posoperatorio. Finalmente, el riesgo geriátrico debe orientarse a una adecuada evaluación nutricional para la instauración temprana de alimentación adecuada. Debemos determinar el estado basal de la funcionalidad para el inicio de rehabilitación temprana. La evaluación neuropsicológica debe incluir la identificación de factores de riesgo para delirium, presencia de depresión, deterioro cognitivo y alteraciones en el patrón de sueño. También es primordial identificar al adulto mayor con fragilidad, así como evaluar y limitar la polifarmacia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aging population has generated the need to adequate the preoperative evaluation for this population group. In the older adult, in addition to the physiological alterations resulting from aging, the high comorbidity and the presence of geriatric syndromes were added. These should be considered for the estimation of surgical risk in order to reduce postoperative complications and help in the reintegration to their social environment in the shortest time possible and with the highest degree of independence. The preoperative assessment should identify in the anamnesis all the comorbidities and geriatric syndromes that could impact the perioperative period. Only indispensable laboratory and cabinet studies should be requested to measure the severity of known diseases or establish a pre-surgical baseline level and in no way does age justify extensive tests. As in young adults, the cardiovascular disease has the most prevalent comorbidity and its adequate quantification is essential.. An important aspect is to determine the risk of developing an acute renal failure, and the preventive measures should be emphasized to limit this complication. A condition associated with cardiovascular diseases is the use of antiplatelet agents or oral anticoagulants. This condition should not delay the surgical procedures. Therefore, their adequate correction should improve the postoperative outcome. Finally, the geriatric risk should be oriented to an adequate nutritional evaluation for an early implementation of adequate food consumption. We must determine the baseline state of the functionality to initiate an early rehabilitation. Neuropsychological assessment should include the identification of risk factors for delirium, depression, cognitive impairment and alterations of the sleep pattern. It is essential to identify fragility in the elderly, to evaluate and limit polypharmacy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adulto mayor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía no cardiaca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[valoración preoperatoria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anciano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Non-hearth surgical procedures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[old aged]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aged]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[preoperative evaluation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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