<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0026-1742</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0026-1742</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0026-17422015000200017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El dilema obstétrico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Obstetric dilemma]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fidel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Fisiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[DF ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0026-17422015000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0026-17422015000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0026-17422015000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La teoría darwiniana indica que los seres humanos somos producto de la evolución y la selección natural, que ha tomado millones de años para traernos a nuestra situación actual. En el transcurso de ese tiempo el cuerpo de los animales que nos precedieron y del humano mismo cambiaron en varias formas, y una de los cambios más trascendentales fue el paso de la locomoción cuadrúpeda a bípeda. Ese cambio requirió numerosas adaptaciones entre las que están las del esqueleto de la pelvis y las extremidades inferiores, que redujeron el tamaño del anillo pélvico, por lo que si el feto esperara a nacer hasta que su cerebro madurara completamente, su gran cabeza no pasaría por ese anillo. La solución a este problema, que se ha llamado el dilema obstétrico, fue que el nacimiento ocurriera cuando la cabeza del feto aún no es demasiado grande, lo que implica que el cerebro todavía no está completamente maduro; aun así, el feto pasa con dificultades por el canal y el anillo pélvico. Al momento del nacimiento el cerebro del neonato no está completamente desarrollado y tiene que terminar de madurar fuera del útero, lo que toma tomar alrededor de 20 años. Esto puede explicar no solamente el comportamiento desorganizado de los adolescentes en general, sino también el inicio temprano de algunas enfermedades neurológicas cuyas consecuencias no se ven hasta la edad adulta, cuando la maduración del cerebro ha terminado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Darwinian theory indicates that human beings are products of evolution and natural selection, processes that have taken millions of years. During that time animals and humanoids changed in many ways and one of the most remarkable is the transition of a quadrupedal to a bipedal gait. Such a change required numerous adaptations, many of which are in the skeleton and lower limbs, that reduced the diameter of the pelvis in such a way that if the fetus had to wait to be completely developed to be born his large head would not pass through the pelvic channel. This problem is known as the &#8216;obstetrics dilemma&#8217; and its solution was to allow the birth of an immature fetus, which implies a long process of extra uterus development. Even so, to be born the fetus has many difficulties to negociate the pelvic channel. At birth the fetus brain is incompletely developed and has to finish developing out of the uterus, a process that takes about 20 years. This delay might explain no only some unpredictable adolescent behaviors, but also the onset of some diseases whose consequences are seen until the adult years, when brain development has finished.]]></p></abstract>
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