<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692025000201521</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2025.64.2.1804</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Geomechanic modeling of seismic emission due to fracture growth - connection to microseismic source mechanisms]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duchkov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anton A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yury P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaskevich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergey]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Novosibirsk State University Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Novosibirsk ]]></addr-line>
<country>Russia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1521</fpage>
<lpage>1531</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692025000201521&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692025000201521&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692025000201521&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We present an approach to study the rock failure mechanisms due to fracture growth or activation. Our approach includes a series of numerical geomechanic simulations of an incremental rock failure (fracture growth) accounting for elastic wavefield generation and propagation. We then record these wavefields and perform their seismic moment-tensor inversion. We then try to establish connections between seismic moment-tensor solutions and different geomechanic scenarios of the fracture growth with possible applications in monitoring hydraulic fracturing, reservoir development, and local tectonic stress analysis. Our results show that in most cases the amplitudes of generated P-and S-waves can be reasonably well approximated by a moment-tensor point source. When the fracture hits the pre-existing crack then we observe stronger seismic emission compared to the case of the fracture growth in continuous medium. Thus our geomechanic modeling confirms the concept that the most noticeable microseismicity may come from activating the existing natural fractures rather than from the main fracture growth. We also note that the S-wave radiation pattern may be asymmetric (does not correspond to any ideal moment tensor) radiating more energy forward when the fracture hits long pre-existing cracks. Finally, our examples show that the moment tensors may give misleading idea about the direction of the fracture growth (advancement). This result should be kept in mind when interpreting microseismic data in the hydrofrac monitoring applications.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Presentamos un enfoque para estudiar los mecanismos de falla de la roca debido al crecimiento o activación de fracturas. Nuestro enfoque incluye una serie de simulaciones numéricas geomecánicas de una falla incremental de la roca (crecimiento de la fractura) que tiene en cuenta la generación y propagación del campo de ondas elásticas. Luego registramos estos campos de ondas y realizamos su inversión momento-tensor sísmico. A continuación intentamos establecer conexiones entre las soluciones del tensor de momento sísmico y diferentes escenarios geomecánicos del crecimiento de la fractura, con posibles aplicaciones en el monitoreo de la fracturación hidráulica, el desarrollo del yacimiento y el análisis de esfuerzos tectónicos locales. Nuestros resultados muestran que en la mayoría de los casos las amplitudes de las ondas P y S generadas pueden aproximarse razonablemente bien por una fuente puntual del tensor de momento. Cuando la fractura alcanza una grieta preexistente, observamos una mayor emisión sísmica comparada con el caso del crecimiento de la fractura en un medio continuo. Por lo tanto, nuestro modelado geomecánico confirma el concepto de que la microsismicidad más notable puede provenir de la activación de las fracturas naturales existentes en lugar del crecimiento de la fractura principal. También observamos que el patrón de radiación de la onda S puede ser asimétrico (no correspondiente a ningún tensor de momento ideal) irradiando más energía hacia adelante cuando la fractura alcanza grietas mayores preexistentes. Finalmente, nuestros ejemplos muestran que los tensores de momento pueden dar una idea incorrecta sobre la dirección del crecimiento (avance) de la fractura. Este resultado debe tenerse en cuenta al interpretar datos microsísmicos en las aplicaciones de monitoreo de hidrofracturamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microseismic monitoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seismic moment-tensor inversion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[geomechanic modeling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydraulic fracture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Monitoreo microsísmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inversión tensor momento sísmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelado geomecánico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fractura hidráulica]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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