<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692025000201493</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2025.64.2.1837</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ground Motion in Mexico City During the Intraslab Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (						Mw						7.1					) Revisited]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espindola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geofísica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coyoacán Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Materiales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coyoacán Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vienna ]]></addr-line>
<country>Austria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1493</fpage>
<lpage>1508</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692025000201493&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692025000201493&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692025000201493&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The intraslab earthquake of 2017 ( Mw 7.1) was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the history of Mexico City. Several measures of the ground motion reveal that the 2017 event was unusually energetic at CU, the reference hill-zone site in the city, and, hence, in the entire Valley of Mexico, in the critical frequency range of 0.4 to 1 Hz, e.g., Fourier acceleration spectrum (FAS), peak ground velocity (PGV), and pseudoacceleration response spectrum (Sa), 5% damping, at structural periods of 1 &#8804;  T &#8804; 1.8 s ( 0.55 &#8804; f &#8804; 1 Hz). However, the cause of the large ground motion at CU remains unresolved. The issue merits a careful analysis of all available data. On 7 December 2023, an intraslab  Mw 5.8 earthquake occurred in proximity to the 2017 event. We analyze the recordings of the 2017 earthquake separately and of the 2017 and 2023 events together in an attempt to isolate the cause of the anomalous high-frequency radiation. In this context, we take recourse of the 2023 recordings as empirical Green&#8217;s functions (EGFs). Synthesized Sa for a  Mw 7.1 earthquake, using 2023 ( Mw 5.8) recordings as EGFs and assuming the same stress drop,  &#916; &#963;, of 3 MPa for both events, are significantly lower than those observed, irrespective of the azimuth. We find that the source was unusually energetic at all azimuths, and the role of rupture directivity in enhancing the ground motion was relatively small. The possibility that the enhanced ground motion in the city in 2017 was due to a particular direction of the incident wavefield on the 3-D structure of the Valley of Mexico may be ruled out since the recordings of the 2023 event, which was nearly collocated with the 2017 earthquake, show nothing anomalous. The simulated Sa using recordings of the 2023 event as EGFs suggest that a postulated intraslab  Mw 7.1 earthquake, with source characteristics similar to the 2023 event, at a distance of ~ 130 km from CU, should cause little or no damage in the city. In other words, if the source of the 2017 earthquake had been a scaled-up version of the 2023 event then, quite likely, Mexico City would have been spared the damage and deaths that it suffered.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El sismo intraslab de 2017 ( Mw 7.1) ha sido uno de los temblores más destructivos en la historia de la Ciudad de México. Diversas medidas del movimiento del terreno revelan que el evento de 2017 fue inusualmente energético en CU, el sitio de referencia en la zona de lomas de la ciudad y, por ende, en todo el Valle de México en el intervalo de frecuencias entre 0.4 a 1 Hz. Esto se puede observar, por ejemplo, en el espectro de Fourier de las aceleraciones (FAS), la velocidad máxima del suelo (PGV) y el espectro de respuesta de pseudoaceleración (Sa), con un 5% de amortiguamiento, para periodos estructurales de 1 &#8804;  T &#8804; 1.8 s ( 0.55 &#8804; f &#8804; 1 Hz). Sin embargo, la causa de las grandes aceleraciones en CU sigue sin resolverse. La cuestión merece un análisis cuidadoso de todos los datos disponibles. El 7 de diciembre de 2023, ocurrió un sismo intraslab de magnitud  Mw 5.8 en la proximidad al evento de 2017. Analizamos por separado, los registros del sismo de 2017 y por otro lado, de manera conjunta, los registros del sismo de 2023 y del 2017 con el fin de aislar la causa de la radiación anómala de energía sísmica en altas frecuencias. En este contexto, utilizamos los registros del sismo de 2023 como funciones empíricas de Green (EGFs). Los valores sintetizados de Sa para un sismo de  Mw 7.1, usando los registros de 2023 ( Mw 5.8) como EGFs y asumiendo la misma caída de esfuerzos,  &#916; &#963;, de 3 MPa para ambos eventos, son significativamente menores que los observados, independientemente del azimut. Encontramos que la fuente fue inusualmente energética en todos los azimuts, y que el efecto de la directividad de la ruptura en el comportamiento de las grandes aceleraciones fue relativamente pequeño. La posibilidad de que el comportamiento anómalo de las aceleraciones en la ciudad en 2017 se debiera a una dirección particular del campo de ondas incidente en la estructura 3D del Valle de México puede descartarse, ya que los registros de aceleración del sismo de 2023, que ocurrió casi en la misma ubicación que el sismo de 2017, no muestran nada anómalo. La Sa simulada utilizando los registros del evento de 2023 como EGFs sugiere que un hipotético sismo intraslab de  Mw 7.1, con características de fuente similares al evento de 2023, a una distancia de aproximadamente 130 km de CU, debería causar poco o ningún daño en la ciudad. En otras palabras, si la fuente del sismo de 2017 hubiera sido una versión ampliada del evento de 2023, es muy probable que la Ciudad de México se hubiera librado de los daños y pérdidas humanas que sufrió.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Energetic seismic source]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anomalous Ground Motion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Damage in Mexico City]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fuente sísmica energética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aceleraciones anómalas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Daño en la Ciudad de México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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