<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692022000400301</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/igeof.00l67l69p.2022.6l.4.2113</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Content of Total Organic Carbon Using Random Forest, Borehole Imaging, and Fractal Analysis: A Methodology Applied in the Cretaceous La Luna Formation, South America]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal F]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa G]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis H]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarmiento P]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Geociencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<lpage>323</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692022000400301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692022000400301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692022000400301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research presents an alternative approach to computing the content of total organic carbon using wireline logs and machine learning techniques. Specifically, borehole resistivity imaging, its average resistivity, and gamma rays log are employed to train a regression model. The methodology was applied in La Luna Formation, which has been reported as one of the principal source rocks for Colombia and western Venezuela. This work aims to teach a machine how to recognize patterns between fractal features in borehole images and their content of total organic carbon. Implemented machine learning is based on ensemble learning techniques, in this case, an ensemble of decision trees known as random forest. The working data set totalizes 960 wireline log measurements, randomly split into 80% for training and 20% for validation. The outcome is equivalent to the curve obtained using a semi-log regression of organic carbon measured in core against density log values. The accuracy of this method is high enough to be considered during petrophysics evaluations, showing a root-mean-square error of 0.44% and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.88. The methodology depends on image quality, and anomalies in these data increase the error. The generated model must be recalibrated for other formations, for horizontal and deviated wells, and when logging while drilling imaging is employed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Esta investigación presenta un enfoque alternativo para calcular el contenido de carbono orgánico total utilizando registros de cable y técnicas de aprendizaje automático; específicamente, imágenes resistivas de pozo, su resistividad promedio y registro de rayos gamma son empleados para entrenar un modelo regresivo. La metodología se aplicó en la Formación La Luna, la cual ha sido reportada como una de las principales rocas generadoras de Colombia y el oeste de Venezuela. El objetivo de este trabajo es enseñar a una máquina como reconocer patrones entre rasgos fractales en imágenes de pozo y su contenido de carbono orgánico total. El aprendizaje automático implementado se basa en técnicas de aprendizaje por conjuntos, en este caso, un conjunto de árboles de decisión conocido como bosques aleatorios. Los datos empleados tienen un total de 960 mediciones de registros, los cuales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 80% para entrenamiento y 20% para validación. El resultado es equivalente a la curva obtenida con una regresión semilogarítmica del carbono orgánico medido en el núcleo contra valores de registro de densidad. La precisión de este método es suficientemente alta para ser considerada durante evaluaciones petrofísicas, mostrando un error medio cuadrático de 0.44% y un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0.88. La metodología depende de la calidad de la imagen y cualquier anomalía en estos datos aumentará el error. El modelo generado debe ser recalibrado para otras formaciones, pozos horizontales, desviados y cuando se empleen registro de imágenes durante la perforación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[La Luna Formation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[total organic carbon]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[borehole resistivity imaging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[random forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fractal analysis and unconventional reservoirs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Formación La Luna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbono orgánico total]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[imágenes resistivas de pozo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque aleatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis fractal y yacimientos no convencionales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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