<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692019000200139</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2018.58.2.1966</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Identification of sealing potential through fault seal analysis: a case study of Badin area, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nisar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Umair Bin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammad Rustam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farooq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qureshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sha-hid Nadeem]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Khawar Ashfaq]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Earth Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Meteorology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Institute of Geology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Earth Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Pakistan</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>150</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692019000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692019000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692019000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The sealing potential of a fault can be originated from reservoir/nonreservoir rock juxtaposition. The present study focuses on the assessment of the sealing potential of the Lower Goru Formation of Badin area, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. The uni-directional force is one of the causes of leakage through the upper reservoirs of Lower Goru Formation, i.e. sand A, B and C and thus made a good seal as sand D. The fault properties associated with sealing capacity and leakage are estimated using algorithms. These algorithms are based on the juxtaposition of the reservoir rock against sealing lithology, deformation and present stage of stress regime within the fault plane relative to leakage. Time and depth contour maps of top of the Lower Goru Formation represent a halfgraben structure showing uni-directional force in the area. An Allan-type diagram depicted a sandsand juxtaposition for sand A and juxtaposition of sand A with sand B, thus eliminating any chances of sealing conditions. A similar diagram confirmed shale-sand juxtaposition for sands C and D. The juxtaposition diagram referred to an increase in shale gouge ratio (SGR) values from sand A to sand D with maximum values at sand D, thus classifying good fault sealing potential at sand D. Therefore, it is confirmed that sealing capacity of the fault (F2) increases from sand A (poor seal) where SGR = 0.44% - 0.9% and shale smear factor (SSF) = 0.23 - 1 to sand D (moderate seal) where SGR = 10% - 44% and SSF = 0.05 - 0.22 which means that sand D is more sealed than any other sand in the study area.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El potencial de sellado de una falla puede originarse por la juxtaposición de rocas del reservorio de unas rocas externas. El presente estudio se refiere en el estudio de potencial de sellado en la formación Lower Goru del area de Badin, en la cuenca baja del Indus, Pakistán. La fuerza unidireccional es una de las causas de pérdida en los lagos de los reservorios superiores de la formación del Goru inferior. i. e. arena A, B y C y un buen sellado de su forma de arena D. Las propiedades de la falla asociadas con la capidad de sellado se estiman utilizando algoritmos. Estos algoritmos revasan en la juxtaposición de la roca del reservorio versus la litología selladora, la deformación y el estado presente del régimen de tensión dentro del plano de falla respecto al desprendimiento. Mapas del contorno de tiempo y profundidad de la parte superior de la formación representan una estructura de medio-graben mostrando una fuerza uni-direccional en el area. Un diagrama de tipo Allan mostró una juxtaposición arena-arena por la arena A así como juxtaposición de arena A y B, iluminando así la probabilidad de condiciones de sellado. Un diagrama similar confirmo una juxtaposición shale-arena para las arenas C y D. El diagrama de juxtaposición referido a un aumento de los valores de la relación shale gouge (SGR) de la arena A a D con valores maximos de arena D que clasifican un buen potencial de sellado de la falla en donde se localiza la arena D. Por lo tanto se confirma que la capacidad de sellado de la falla (F2) aumenta desde la arena A (sellado bajo) donde SGR = 0.44% - 0.9% y el factor smear de shale (SSF) es igual a 0.23 - 1 para arena D (sellado moderado) donde SGR = 10% - 44% y SSF = 0.05 - 0.22 lo cual indica que la arena D esta más sellada que las demás en el area de estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fault seal analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Shale gouge ratio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Shale smear factor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Allan-type diagram]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Badin area]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de sellado de falla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relación shale gouge]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factor shale smear]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[digarama tipo Allan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[area de Badin]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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