<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692018000400223</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of the leakage origin in Abu Baara earthen dam using electrical resistivity tomography, northwestern Syria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Fares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Atomic Energy Commission of Syria Department of Geology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Damascus ]]></addr-line>
<country>Syria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>223</fpage>
<lpage>237</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000400223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000400223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000400223&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract An integrated geophysical approach is proposed herewith to identify the potentialleakage zones within the substructure bedrock close to the dam body. Such an approach includes geophysicalsurveys using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), and traditional VES soundings. Geophysical measurements were carried out at the Abu Baara earth fill dam, located at the southern margins of Al-Ghab plain northwest of Syria. Three long ERT profiles (P1, P2, and P3) were implemented in parallel with the dam embankment in up and down stream reservoir as well as on the dam crest. The acquired geophysical results were interpreted by using different interpretative techniques, particularly the Pichgin and Habibullaev technique one. Three main major blocks, characterizing the geological substructural rocks were distinguished in the surrounding of the studied dam. The alluvial deposits overlaya resistiveand fractured limestone and dolomite bedrock with resistivity values ranging between 300 and 1200 &#937;m. Several structural anomalous features were identified within the hard carbonate bedrock. These features are almost related to tectonic elements such as faults, fractures or karstic cavities. The central second block seems to be related to a faulted or subsidence structure coinciding with the main valley, completely filled by alluvial deposits of more than 50m thickness. The detected features represented by faulted structures, fractures and the karstic occurrences, developed within the dam bedrock are therefore regarded as the main responsible causes of the leakage processes from the dam. The integrated geophysical approach presented and proposed in this paper could be easily applied in another similar dams suffering from leakage problems.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se propone un enfoque geofísico integrado para identificar las posibles zonas de fuga dentro de la roca madre de la subestructura cercana al cuerpo de la presa. Este enfoque incluye investigación geofísica basadas en la tomografía de resistividad eléctrica (ERT, por sus siglas en inglés) y datos tradicionales de sondeo VES. La obtención de datos se llevó a cabo en la presa de tierra Abu Baara, ubicada en los márgenes del sur de la llanura de Al-Ghab al noroeste de Siria; el embalse corriente abajo, y la cresta de la presa. Los resultados adquiridos se interpretaron mediante el uso de diferentes técnicas, en particular la de Pichgin y Habibullaev. En los alrededores de la presa se distinguieron tres bloques principales que distinguió las rocas subestructurales. Los depósitos aluviales se superponen a una roca de piedra caliza y un lecho rocoso con dolomita con valores de resistencia que oscilan entre 300 y 1200 m. Se identificaron varias características anómalas estructurales dentro del lecho rocoso de carbonato duro. Estas características están relacionadas de forma mínima con elementos tectónicos como fallas, fracturas o cavidades kársticas. El segundo bloque central parece estar relacionado con una estructura con fallas o hundimientos que coinciden con el valle principal. Este valle se encuentra completamente lleno de depósitos aluviales de más de 50 m de espesor. Por lo tanto, son consideradas las principales causas de los procesos de fuga de la presa. El enfoque geofísico integrado presentado y propuesto en este documento podría aplicarse fácilmente en otras represas similares que sufren problemas de fugas. Palabras clave: estudio ERT, técnica de Pichgin y Habibullaev, filtración, Abu Baara Earthdam, Siria.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudio ERT]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[técnica de Pichgin y Habibullaev]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Abu Baara earthdam]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Siria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ERT survey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pichgin and Habibullaev technique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leakage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Abu Baara earthdam]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Syria]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Diab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Report of geophysical investigations executed under the technical conditions proposed by EDF to estimate the technical situation of Abu Baara dam]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Fares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contribution of the geophysical methods in characterizing the water leakage in Afamia B dam, Syria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>464-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlSaigh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of water leakage from dams by self-potential method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eng. Geol.]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>115-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tectonic Evolution and Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Khanaser Valley, Northern Syria, Derived from the Interpretation of Vertical Electrical Soundings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pure Appl. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<page-range>2291-311</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrical earth resistivity surveying for delineating the characteristics of ground water in semiarid region in Khanaser Valley, Northern Syria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrol. Proces.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1085-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geophysical Case Study of Shallow and Deep Structures Based on Traditional and Modified Interpretation Methods: Application to Tectonic Studies and Mineral Exploration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Explor. Min. Geol.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>117-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inverse slope method for interpreting vertical electrical soundings in sedimentary phosphatic environments in the Al-Sharquieh mine, Syria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CIM J.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>93-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radwan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Layyous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated geophysical and morphotectonic Survey of the impact of extensional tectonics on the Qastoon dam, Northwestern Syria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pure Appl. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>167</volume>
<page-range>323-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedrosian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minsley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geophysical investigations of geology and structure at the Martis Creek Dam, Truckee, California]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>7-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boleve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Localization and quantification of leakages in dams using time-lapse self-potential measurements associated with salt tracer injection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Hydrol.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>403</volume>
<page-range>242-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonic evolution of Syria interpreted from integrated geophysical and geological analysis]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>322</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candansayar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two-dimensional individual and joint inversion of three and four-electrode array dc resistivity data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geophys. Eng.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>290-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crossline resistivity tomography for the delineation of anomalous seepage pathways in an embankment dam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>31-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A numerical comparison of 2-D resistivity imaging with 10 electrode arrays]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys. Prospect.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>379-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devyatkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodonov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharkov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zykin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simakova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khatib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nseir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The El-Ghab rift depression in Syria: its structure, stratigraphy, and history of development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stratigr. Geol. Correl.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>362-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khawlie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darkal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barazangi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>241</volume>
<page-range>913-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources availability in the Orontes Watershed: Case of the Ghab region in Syria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Water Sust.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>45-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karaoulis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jardani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mooney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of focused seepage through an earthfill dam using geoelectrical methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ground Water]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>952-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seepage monitoring in an earth dam by repeated resistivity measurements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur. J. Eng. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>229-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid least-square inversion of apparent resistivity pseudo-section by a quasi-Newton method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys. Prospect.]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>131-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Narayan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.V.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramanujachary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An inverse slope method determining absolute resistivity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys.]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>1036-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined analysis of electrical resistivity and geotechnical SPT blow counts for the safety assessment of fill dam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Geol.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>31-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osazuwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A two-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging of an earth dam, Zaria, Nigeria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Environ. Hydrol.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panthulu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishnaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of seepage paths in earth dams using self-potential and electrical resistivity methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engin. Geol.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>281-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pichgin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habibullaev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.K.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Methodological Recommendations in studying geo-tectonic conditions of vertical electrical soundings data with application of EC computer for solving hydrogeological and geo-engineering problems]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tashkend ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponikarov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The geological map of Syria, Hama-Latheqieh sheet, scale 1:1200, 000, V.O.]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Damascus, Syria ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Techno export. Ministry of Industry]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozycki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonticiella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection and evaluation of horizontal fractures in earth dams using self-potential method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engin. Geol.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>145-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burbey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of two-dimensional resistivity methods in a fractured crystalline-rock terrain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>21-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sjödahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[2.5D resistivity modeling of embankment dams to assess Influence from geometry and material properties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>107-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulessa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) techniques for assessing hydrological processes within glacial lake moraine dams]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Glaciol.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>211</numero>
<issue>211</issue>
<page-range>849-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of rate of erosion of soils in embankment dams]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Engin.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>373-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Currens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges of using electrical resistivity method to locate karst conduits-A field case in the Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Geophys.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>523-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
