<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692018000200089</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Estimation of ground motion in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico during the 1920 (M~6.4) crustal earthquake, and some significant intraslab earthquakes of the last century]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdoba-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishna Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Srhi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xyoli]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sieron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Centro de Ciencias de la Tierra ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Xalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Geofísica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692018000200089&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ground motions in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, during the earthquake of January 4, 1920 (M~6.4), and three significant intraslab earthquakes (Mw7.0) of the last century were estimated. These events are reasonable scenario earthquakes for Xalapa. Towards this goal, portable broadband seismographs at nine sites in the city and an additional one at a reference hard site outside the city were deployed. Peak ground acceleration (Amax) and peak ground velocity (Amax) in Xalapa were estimated based on Brune &#969;-2 source model and the site effect, obtained from earthquake recordings by using the standard spectral ratio (SSR) technique, and the application of a stochastic method. During the 1920 Xalapa earthquake the estimated Amax values corresponding to a stress drop, &#916;&#963;, of 50 bar are between 100 and 250 cm/s2, except at two sites where the site effect is very large and Amax values reach 300 and 600 cm/s2. Estimated Vmax values are between 10 and 20 cm/s, except at the site with the largest site effect where it is ~ 40 cm/s. &#916;&#963; of 30 and 100 bar produce about half and twice of these peak values, respectively. The main uncertainty in the present estimations is due the &#916;&#963; value, because although a range of 30 to 100 bar for crustal earthquakes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (in which Xalapa is located) seems reasonable, it is not constrained by the data. The mean stress drop for intraslab events, ~ 300 bar, is better constrained from previous studies. A median Amax of ~ 30 cm/s2 and a median Vmax of 4 cm/s in Xalapa during the 1973 (Orizaba) and 1999 (Tehuacán) earthquakes was estimated; the corresponding values during the 1980 (Huajuapan) earthquake are ~ 10 cm/s2 and 2 cm/s. The uncertainty in the estimation is probably within a factor of 2 to 3. The ground motion prediction equations developed from data in the forearc region with less attenuation (than the backarc region) and recorded at hard sites appear to work reasonably well for Xalapa sites, which lie in the back arc. This observation suggests that the seismic waves from intraslab earthquakes, traveling through the mantle wedge before arriving Xalapa, suffer relatively large attenuation. However, these waves get amplified due to local site effects. It seems that in Xalapa these two effects, roughly, balance each other.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo se estiman los movimientos del terreno en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, durante el sismo del 4 de enero de 1920 (M~6.4) y tres sismos intraplaca significativos ocurridos en la placa subducida (Mw7.0) a finales del siglo pasado. Estos eventos representan un escenario sísmico razonable para Xalapa. Para lograrlo, se instaló una red portátil de sismógrafos de banda ancha en nueve sitios de esta ciudad y uno adicional en un sitio duro de referencia fuera de la ciudad. A partir de registros de sismos, se estimó el efecto de sitio mediante el cálculo de los cocientes espectrales estándar (SSRs). Basados en el modelo de fuente &#969;-2 de Brune, el efecto de sitio obtenido mediante la técnica SSR, y la aplicación de un método estocástico, se estimaron los valores pico de aceleración (Amáx) y de velocidad (Vmáx) del movimiento del terreno en Xalapa. En el caso del sismo de Xalapa de 1920, los valores estimados de Amáx correspondientes a una caída de esfuerzos, &#916;&#963;, de 50 bar se encuentran entre 100 y 250 cm/s2, excepto en dos ubicaciones en las que el efecto de sitio es muy grande y donde Amáx alcanza valores entre 300 y 600 cm/s2. Los valores de Vmáx estimados están dentro del intervalo de 10 y 20 cm/s, excepto en el punto con el mayor efecto de sitio donde es ~ 40 cm/s. Para &#916;&#963; de 30 y 100 bar se producen aproximadamente la mitad y dos veces estos valores pico, respectivamente. La principal incertidumbre de estas estimaciones se debe al valor de &#916;&#963;, porque aunque parece razonable un rango de 30 a 100 bar para sismos corticales en la Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana (donde se localiza Xalapa), no está restringido por los datos. La media de la caída de esfuerzos para eventos intraplaca en la placa subducida, ~ 300 bar, está mejor delimitada a partir de estudios previos. Se estimaron una media de ~ 30 cm/s2 para Amáx y de 4 cm/s para Vmáx en Xalapa, para los sismos de 1973 (Orizaba) y de 1999 (Tehuacán); los valores correspondientes para el sismo de 1980 (Huajuapan) son ~ 10 cm/s2 y 2 cm/s. La incertidumbre de la estimación se encuentra probablemente dentro de un factor de 2 a 3. Las ecuaciones de predicción de movimiento del suelo desarrolladas a partir de datos en la región del antearco (con menor atenuación que la región del trasarco) y registrados en sitios duros parece funcionar razonablemente bien para los sitios de Xalapa, los cuales se ubican en la región trasarco. Esta observación sugiere que las ondas sísmicas de los sismos intraplaca que atraviesan la cuña del manto antes de llegar a Xalapa, sufren una atenuación relativamente elevada. Sin embargo, dichas ondas se amplifican debido al efecto de sitio local. Parece que en Xalapa los dos efectos, a grandes rasgos se equilibran entre sí.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sismo de Xalapa de 1920]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sismos intraplaca en Xalapa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto de sitio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[peligro sísmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[1920 Xalapa earthquake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intraslab earthquakes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[site effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seismic hazards]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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