<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132026000100008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.25000223</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de fragilidad en las personas mayores: diferencias entre mujeres y hombres]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Frailty syndrome in the elderly: differences between women and men]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Departamento de Geriatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>162</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132026000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132026000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132026000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El síndrome de fragilidad es un estado clínico caracterizado por una disminución de las reservas fisiológicas, lo que aumenta la vulnerabilidad ante factores estresores. Aunque sus fundamentos se exploraron previamente, fue en el siglo xxi cuando se estableció su fenotipo, definido por la presencia de al menos tres de cinco criterios: pérdida de peso involuntaria, debilidad, lentitud, fatiga y baja actividad física. Este modelo ha sido ampliamente adoptado por su utilidad clínica. La fragilidad no es un proceso homogéneo, y los estudios recientes muestran que afecta en mayor medida a las mujeres, aunque los hombres experimentan peores desenlaces clínicos, tales como mayor mortalidad. Estas diferencias reflejan la influencia de factores biológicos, hormonales y sociales en su desarrollo. Además, los hombres son más propensos a sarcopenia y enfermedades cardiovasculares, mientras que las mujeres presentan fragilidad asociada con debilidad y obesidad abdominal. El diagnóstico temprano y la intervención personalizada pueden prevenir complicaciones, pero requieren considerar las diferencias de género. Esta revisión analiza la evidencia más reciente sobre la fragilidad en hombres y mujeres, enfatizando su impacto en la práctica clínica y las diferentes estrategias de abordaje terapéutico y preventivo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Frailty syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by a decline in physiological reserves, increasing vulnerability to stressors. Although its foundations had been previously explored, it was in the 21st century that its phenotype was established, defined by the presence of at least three out of five criteria: Unintentional weight loss, weakness, slowness, fatigue, and low physical activity. This model has been widely adopted due to its clinical utility. Frailty is not a homogeneous process, and recent studies show that it affects women more frequently, although men experience worse clinical outcomes, such as higher mortality. These differences reflect the influence of biological, hormonal, and social factors on its development. Additionally, men are more prone to sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases, whereas women exhibit frailty associated with weakness and abdominal obesity. Early diagnosis and personalized interventions can prevent complications, but they require consideration of gender differences. This review analyzes the latest evidence on frailty in men and women, emphasizing its impact on clinical practice and the different therapeutic and preventive strategies for its management.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fragilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diferencia de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Envejecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevención]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Personas mayores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Frailty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gender differences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Older people]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tangen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gottdiener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty in older adults:evidence for a phenotype]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>M146-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rockwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacKnight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CMAJ]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>173</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>489-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoogendijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afilalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ensrud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kowal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty:implications for clinical practice and public health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>394</volume>
<numero>10206</numero>
<issue>10206</issue>
<page-range>1365-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubbard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences in frailty in older men and women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med J Aust]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>212</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>183-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Si]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender disparities in frailty and its decomposition among Chinese older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Adv Nurs]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>2402-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trevisan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amidei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty and the risk of infection-related hospitalizations in older age:differences by sex]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maturitas]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>168</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Souza AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[de Oliveira D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Máximo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delinocente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MLB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty or sarcopenia:which is a better indicator of mortality risk in older adults?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Epidemiol Community Health]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>124-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Telomere shortening and frailty in Mexican older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatr Gerontol Int]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1286-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fragoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interleukin 10 gene polymorphisms and frailty syndrome in elderly Mexican people:Sadem study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mol Genet Genomic Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>(9)</numero>
<issue>(9)</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AZZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fransquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wrigglesworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences in biological aging and the association with clinical measures in older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GeroScience]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1775-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isernia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cazzoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabinio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giunco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differential roles of neural integrity, physical activity and depression in frailty:sex-related differences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Sci]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>950</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sleep duration and incident frailty:The Rural Frailty Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatr]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>368</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montecino-Garrido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wehinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez-Mañas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trostchansky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physiological changes associated with aging:identification of novel biomarkers for frailty syndrome in women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Free Radic Biol Med]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>223</volume>
<page-range>160-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castrejón-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cesari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MU]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and frailty:a population-based, cross-sectional study of Mexican older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatr Gerontol Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>925-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piovezan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abucham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santos RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tufik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poyares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of sleep on age-related sarcopenia:possible connections and clinical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ageing Res Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>(Pt B)</numero>
<issue>(Pt B)</issue>
<page-range>210-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vetrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marengoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marzetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lattanzio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roller-Wirnsberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty and multimorbidity:a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>659-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[So]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sex differences in the association between sleep duration and frailty in older adults:evidence from the KNHANES study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatr]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>434</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Almaraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Funes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatterji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naidoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kowal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disability, quality of life and all-cause mortality in older Mexican adults:association with multimorbidity and frailty]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatr]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>236</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rockwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty in older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>391</volume>
<numero>(6)</numero>
<issue>(6)</issue>
<page-range>538-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta-Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Lesende]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[[Frailty in primary care:Diagnosis and multidisciplinary management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aten Primaria]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>102395</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yakabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akishita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The roles of sex hormones in the pathophysiology of age-related sarcopenia and frailty]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reprod Med Biol]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buisman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picavet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HSJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verschuren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WMM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boots]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflammatory marker trajectories associated with frailty and ageing in a 20-year longitudinal study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Transl Immunol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clegg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iliffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rikkert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rockwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty in elderly people]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>381</volume>
<numero>9868</numero>
<issue>9868</issue>
<page-range>752-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas-Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sleep complaints are associated with frailty in Mexican older adults in a rural setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatr Gerontol Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2573-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lochlainn M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayhoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RPG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrition and frailty:opportunities for prevention and treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2349</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez-Olmedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borges-Yáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Palos P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral health condition and development of frailty over a 12-month period in community-dwelling older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Oral Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>355</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas-Bahena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Insomnia, low sleep quality, and sleeping little are associated with frailty in Mexican women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maturitas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>7-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Ortuno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of frailty:opportunities, challenges, and future directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>394</volume>
<numero>10206</numero>
<issue>10206</issue>
<page-range>1376-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woolford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sohan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dennison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of frailty]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging Clin Exp Res]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>(9)</numero>
<issue>(9)</issue>
<page-range>1629-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Bello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of exercise programs on physical performance in community-dwelling older adults with and without frailty:systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatrics (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernabei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cesari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Signore S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SPRINTT consortium. Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older adults:randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>377</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guralnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Studenski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cutler Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interventions on Frailty Working Group. Designing randomized, controlled trials aimed at preventing or delaying functional decline and disability in frail, older persons:a consensus report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>625-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Montas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanz-Matesanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez-Sillero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevention and mitigation of frailty syndrome in institutionalised older adults through physical activity:a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Healthcare (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>276</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Aldana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Verjan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Network analysis of frailty and aging:empirical data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Gerontol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>110747</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas-Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szlejf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the FRAIL Scale to assess frailty in Mexican adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1094-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas-Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Teros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phase angle cut-off points and their association with sarcopenia and frailty in adults of 50-64 years old and older adults in Mexico City]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Med (Lausanne)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>617126</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
