<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132025000300011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.25000027</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo para candidiasis invasiva en la unidad de cuidados intensivos e intermedios neonatales: un estudio de casos y controles en un centro de referencia de la Ciudad de México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors for invasive candidiasis in the neonatal intensive and intermediate care unit: a case-control study at a referral center in Mexico City]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galván-Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camarena-Abrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedraza-Amador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado-Palomares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Agustín Del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Epidemiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>318</fpage>
<lpage>326</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132025000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132025000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132025000300011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: La candidiasis invasiva es una patología de alto impacto en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN).  Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo de candidiasis invasiva en un centro de referencia en la Ciudad de México.  Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de casos y controles. Se incluyeron neonatos con diagnóstico de candidiasis invasiva, pareados 1:3 con controles hospitalizados en la UCIN del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología entre 2011 y 2021. Se exploraron factores de riesgo para candidiasis invasiva mediante regresión logística.  Resultados: En 2640 pacientes hospitalizados en la UCIN identificamos 51 casos de candidiasis invasiva, con una prevalencia del 1.95% (IC 95%: 1.44-2.53). Los casos de candidiasis invasiva correspondieron a prematuros con bajo peso al nacer y mayor exposición a antimicrobianos en comparación con los controles (n = 153). Los patógenos de candidiasis invasiva aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Candida albicans (62.7%), Candida parapsilosis (25.5%) y Nakaseomyces glabratus (5.9%). En el análisis multivariable se identificó la edad gestacional al nacimiento &lt; 28 semanas (OR: 2.79; IC 95%: 1.05-7.43) y el uso de tres o más antimicrobianos previo a la positividad por hemocultivo (OR: 2.83; IC 95%: 1.22-6.59) como factores de riesgo para candidiasis invasiva.  Conclusiones: Ser prematuro y una mayor exposición a esquemas de antimicrobianos múltiples aumentan el riesgo de candidiasis invasiva en la UCIN.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Invasive candidiasis is a high-impact pathology in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).  Objective: To evaluate risk factors for invasive candidiasis in a referral center in Mexico City.  Material and methods: Observational case-control study. Neonates diagnosed with invasive candidiasis were included, matched 1:3 with controls hospitalized in the NICU of the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City between 2011 and 2021. Risk factors for invasive candidiasis were explored using logistic regression.  Results: Among 2640 patients hospitalized in the NICU, we identified 51 cases of invasive candidiasis, with a prevalence of 1.95% (95%CI: 1.44-2.53). Invasive candidiasis cases were premature with low birth weight and higher exposure to antimicrobials compared to controls (n = 153). The most frequently isolated pathogens of invasive candidiasis were Candida albicans (62.7%), Candida parapsilosis (25.5%) and Nakaseomyces glabratus (5.9%). In multivariate analysis, gestational age at birth &lt; 28 weeks (OR: 2.79; 95%CI: 1.05-7.43) and use of three or more antimicrobials prior to blood culture positivity (OR: 2.83; 95%CI: 1.22-6.59) were identified as risk factors for the development of invasive candidiasis compared to controls.  Conclusions: Prematurity and higher exposure to multiple antimicrobial regimens increased the risk of invasive candidiasis in the NICU.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Candidiasis invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neonatos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antimicrobianos de amplio espectro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Invasive candidiasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neonates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Broad-spectrum antimicrobials]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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