<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132020000900027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.m20000435</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Importancia de la vitamina B12 y el folato en la salud perinatal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Importance of vitamin B12 and folate in perinatal health]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ameyalli M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perichart-Perera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Otilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Castrellón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González Centro de Investigación Translacional en Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>156</volume>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132020000900027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132020000900027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132020000900027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El desarrollo fetal se caracteriza por una gran plasticidad y capacidad para responder a factores ambientales, donde la metilación del ADN es indispensable para el desarrollo embrionario adecuado. El metabolismo de un carbono proporciona grupos metilo para la metilación y el desarrollo del ADN fetal, y depende en gran medida del estado nutricio materno. El embarazo es una etapa donde el suministro de donantes de metilo es crítico y la demanda de nutrimentos que apoyen este proceso, como lo son el folato y la vitamina B12, está aumentada. La insuficiencia o desequilibrio de estos dos micronutrimentos puede alterar los patrones epigenéticos, la síntesis y reparación del ADN, y afectar procesos del crecimiento y desarrollo fetal, teniendo consecuencias negativas en la salud de la descendencia a largo plazo. El estado del folato y la vitamina B12 se han asociado con la metilación global del ADN, así como con genes específicos relacionados con funciones neurológicas, con el desarrollo embrionario, el metabolismo energético, el crecimiento, y con la leptina. Además, estados alterados de ambas vitaminas se han asociado con mayor riesgo de resultados perinatales como defectos del tubo neural, prematurez, bajo peso al nacer, preeclampsia, así como obesidad y resistencia a la insulina materna e infantil, y disminución del desarrollo neurocognitivo infantil. La suplementación, aunada a una dieta adecuada, podría ser una estrategia necesaria para prevenir dichos resultados y mejorar la salud maternofetal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Fetal development is characterized by great plasticity and the ability to respond to environmental factors, where DNA methylation is essential for proper embryonic development. One-carbon metabolism provides methyl groups for methylation and fetal DNA development and is highly dependent on maternal nutritional status. During pregnancy, the supply of methyl donors is critical and the demand for nutrients that support this process, such as folate and vitamin B12, is increased. Insufficiency or imbalance of these 2 micronutrients can alter epigenetic patterns, DNA synthesis and repair, and affect fetal growth and development, having negative long-term consequences on the offspring’s health. Folate and vitamin B12 status have been associated with wide DNA methylation, as well as with specific genes related to neurological functions, embryonic development, energy metabolism, growth, and leptin. Furthermore, inadequate concentrations of both vitamins have been associated with an increased risk of perinatal outcomes such as neural tube defects, prematurity, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, as well as maternal and infant obesity and insulin resistance, and decreased infant neurocognitive development. Supplementation, combined with a healthy diet, could be an essential strategy to prevent these results and improve maternal and fetal health.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dieta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Micronutrimentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Metilación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Programación fetal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diet]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Micronutrients]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Methylation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fetal programming]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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