<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2663-3981</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista cartográfica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cartogr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2663-3981</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2663-39812022000200095</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35424/rcarto.i105.1383</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The modifiable areal unit problem in the analysis of the demand for urban freight transport]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El problema de la unidad espacial modificable en el análisis de la demanda de transporte urbano de mercancias]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tovar Plata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lizbeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinojosa Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>105</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>116</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2663-39812022000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2663-39812022000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2663-39812022000200095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This document diagnoses the effects of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) in the study of the demand for urban freight transport, by means of a comparison of different analysis scales to determine the relevance of working with different levels of detail. It is recommended to analyze the number of retail businesses, because they are the ones that mainly attract urban freight transport, and other variables of a socio-territorial type, considering three different spatial units: basic geostatistical area, electoral section, and regular 500-by-500-meter grids. For each scale, descriptive statistics parameters, correlation between variables, as well as global and local spatial autocorrelation (Moran-LISA&#8217;s I) were obtained to determine the impact of the MAUP. The results obtained show that the electoral sections do not result in an adequate scale, unless it is used as a complementary scale, since the statistical results indicate a greater variation. However, its cartographic representation allows seeing spatial groupings that are not observed in the other scales, which can be a valuable contribution. In the case of the Basic Geostatistical Area (BGA) scale and the 500-by-500-meter grids, data show less dispersion. The variables analyzed show a greater correlation and present a greater global spatial autocorrelation, which is why it is determined that they may be the most appropriate scales to model the transport of merchandise in the study area. The site that had no discrepancy, regardless of the scale of analysis, was the historic downtown of the city of Toluca, so it can be considered a priority site based on its demand for merchandise and territorial characteristics, where regulation and transport control alternatives can be incorporated, as well as the creation of infrastructure to make deliv-eries more efficient and to mitigate its negative impacts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente documento diagnostica los efectos del Problema de la Unidad Espacial Modificable (PUEM) en el estudio de la demanda de transporte urbano de mercancías mediante una comparación de distintas escalas de análisis para determinar la pertinencia de trabajar con diferentes niveles de detalle. Se propone analizar los comercios minoristas, por ser los principales atractores de transporte urbano de mercancías, y otras variables socio-territoriales en tres unidades espaciales distintas: área geoestadística básica, sección electoral y cuadrícula regular de 500 x 500 metros. Para cada escala se obtuvieron parámetros de estadísticos descriptivos, correlación entre variables y autocorrelación espacial global y local (I de Moran-LISA) para determinar el impacto del Problema de la Unidad Espacial Modificable. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las secciones electorales no resultan una escala adecuada, a menos que se use como una escala complementaria, ya que los resultados estadísticos señalan una mayor variación, sin embargo, su representación cartográfica permite ver agrupaciones espaciales que no se observan en las otras escalas, lo que puede ser un valioso aporte. En el caso de la escala por AGEB y las cuadrículas de 500 x 500 metros los datos tienen menor dispersión, las variables analizadas muestran una mayor correlación y presentan una mayor autocorrelación espacial global por lo que se determina que pueden ser las escalas más adecuadas para modelar el transporte de mercancía en la zona de estudio. El sitio que no tuvo discrepancia, independientemente de la escala de análisis, es el centro histórico de la ciudad de Toluca, por lo que puede considerarse un sitio prioritario en fun-ción de su demanda de mercancías y características territoriales en el que se pueden proponer alternativas de regulación y control de este transporte, así como creación de infraestructura para hacer más eficientes las entregas y mitigar sus impactos negativos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urban Freight Transport]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Modifiable Areal Unit Problem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spatial Autocorrela-tion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Analysis scale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transporte Urbano de Mercancías]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Problema de la Unidad Espacial Modificable]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Autocorrelación espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escala de análisis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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