<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092024000800674</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/120015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Protocolo LUS ultrasonográfico como predictor para retiro de la ventilación mecánica asistida en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de una Unidad de Especialidades Médicas de un hospital público]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ultrasonographic LUS protocol as a predictor for withdrawal of assisted mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit of a Medical Specialties Unit of a public hospital]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Protocolo LUS ultrassonográfico como preditor para retirada da ventilação mecânica assistida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de uma Unidade de Especialidades Médicas de um hospital público]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Ceballos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurrola García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Benjamín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce Chavez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iran]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moran Guel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad 71  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Torreón Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<fpage>674</fpage>
<lpage>679</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092024000800674&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092024000800674&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092024000800674&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  el fracaso a la extubación es una de las entidades presentes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con la existencia de pruebas diagnósticas, la incidencia de fracaso va de 3 a 30% con pruebas para extubación que no logran una sensibilidad y especificidad ideal.  Objetivo:  se evaluó la utilidad del protocolo LUS como predictor de retiro de la ventilación mecánica en pacientes de UCIA de la UMAE 71.  Material y métodos:  en este estudio de prueba diagnóstica, retrospectivo, transversal, se tomaron pacientes ingresados a la UCI adultos durante el 01 de abril del 2023 al 01 de julio de 2024 dentro de la que hayan requerido de ventilación mecánica mayor 48 horas y menor 7 días. Se recolectaron variables demográficas y el puntaje LUS obtenido previo a la extubación.  Resultados:  se incluyeron 198 pacientes, 99 sexo masculino y 99 sexo femenino, la media de edad de 44 años, 49 tuvieron fracaso a la extubación con un puntaje de 16 ± 2 puntos. Un total de 148 con extubación exitosa con el puntaje de LUS de 10 ± 1.5.  Conclusiones:  presentando una sensibilidad de 98%, especificidad del 99%, Valor predictivo positivo de 98% y valor predictivo negativo del 99%, lo cual nos infiere que el uso del protocolo LUS nos ayuda elegir el momento ideal para la extubación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  extubation failure is a common condition in intensive care units. Despite the availability of diagnostic tests, the incidence of failure ranges from 3% to 30%, with extubation tests that do not achieve ideal sensitivity and specificity.  Objective:  the usefulness of the LUS protocol as a predictor of weaning from mechanical ventilation in ICU patients at UMAE 71 was evaluated.  Material and methods:  in this retrospective, cross-sectional diagnostic test study, patients admitted to the adult ICU from April 1, 2023, to July 1, 2024, who required mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours and at least 7 days, were included. Demographic variables and the LUS score obtained prior to extubation were collected.  Results:  a total of 198 patients were included: 99 males and 99 females. The mean age was 44 years. 49 had extubation failure, with a score of 16 ± 2 points. A total of 148 had successful extubation, with a LUS score of 10 ± 1.5.  Conclusions:  the sensitivity was 98%, the specificity was 99%, the positive predictive value was 98%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. This suggests that using the LUS protocol helps us choose the optimal time for extubation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  a falha de extubação é uma das entidades presentes na unidade de terapia intensiva, com a existência de testes diagnósticos, a incidência de falha varia de 3 a 30% com testes de extubação que não atingem sensibilidade e especificidade ideais.  Objetivo:  foi avaliada a utilidade do protocolo LUS como preditor de retirada da ventilação mecânica em pacientes da UTI da UMAE 71.  Material e métodos:  neste estudo de teste diagnóstico, retrospectivo, transversal, foram incluídos pacientes internados na UTI de adultos no período de 1o de abril de 2023 a 1o de julho de 2024, que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica por mais de 48 horas e menos de 7 dias. Foram coletados as variáveis &#8203;&#8203;demográficas e o escore LUS obtido antes da extubação.  Resultados:  foram incluídos 198 pacientes, 99 do sexo masculino e 99 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 44 anos, 49 apresentaram falha de extubação com escore de 16 ± 2 pontos. Um total de 148 com extubação bem-sucedida com pontuação de LUS de 10 ± 1.5.  Conclusões:  apresentando sensibilidade de 98%, especificidade de 99%, valor preditivo positivo de 98% e valor preditivo negativo de 99%, infere-se que a utilização do protocolo LUS auxilia na escolha do momento ideal para extubação.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultrasonido pulmonar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[puntaje LUS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fracaso a la extubación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extubación exitosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lung ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intensive Care Unit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LUS score]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extubation failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extubation success]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ultrassom pulmonar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Unidade de Terapia Intensiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pontuação LUS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[falha de extubação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[extubação bem-sucedida]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asenjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Características anátomo-funcional del aparato respiratorio durante la infancia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Médica Clín Las Condes]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaudhry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anatomy, thorax, lungs. StatPearls]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island (FL) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Kenhub</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lung: Anatomy, blood suppl, innervation, functions]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leslie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lung anatomy. Practical pulmonary pathology: a diagnostic approach a volume in the pattern recognition series]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>1-14.e2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomy and physiology of respiratory system relevant to anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>533</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhamoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physiology, pulmonary ventilation and perfusion]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeCato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegewald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breathing red: physiology of an elevated single-breath diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Am Thorac Soc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2087-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metersky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of ventilator-associated pneumonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chest Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>797-808</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyzy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McSparron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Overview of initiating invasive mechanical ventilation in adults in the intensive care unit]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Carpio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ventilator Management]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island (FL) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alviar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAreavey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Positive pressure ventilation in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Coll Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>1532-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PRM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattinoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Static and dynamic contributors to ventilator-induced lung injury in clinical practice. Pressure, energy, and power]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>201</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>767-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navalesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frigerio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommariva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vesconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baiardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rate of reintubation in mechanically ventilated neurosurgical and neurologic patients: evaluation of a systematic approach to weaning and extubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2986-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Case]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors of successful extubation in neurosurgical patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>163</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>658-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extubation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<edition>2nd</edition>
<page-range>1221-37</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacIntyre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Epstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heffner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>^s6</numero>
<issue>^s6</issue>
<supplement>6</supplement>
<page-range>375S-95S</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chabanne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kauffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Futier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extubation failure in brain-injured patients: risk factors and development of a prediction score in a preliminary prospective cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>104-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chockalingam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weaning and extubation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Lung Pulm Respir Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>59-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McConville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weaning patients from the ventilator]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>367</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>2233-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retiro de la ventilación mecánica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Crit]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>238-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caldeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new integrative weaning index of discontinuation from mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>R152</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhazzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouellette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Truwit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline: liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults: rehabilitation protocols, ventilator liberation protocols, and cuff leak tests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>195</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>120-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of pressure support ventilation and T-piece in determining rapid shallow breathing index in spontaneous breathing trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>348</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>300-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Connors]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weaning from mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Euro Resp J]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1033-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emergency Medicine Society of South Africa guidelines for the training and credentialing in emergency point-of-care ultrasound]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[S Afr Med J]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>13296</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bronshteyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poorsattar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The year in perioperative echocardiography: selected highlights from 2020]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>280-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Connor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lung ultrasound: the essentials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of intraoperative ventilation strategy on perioperative atelectasis assessed by lung ultrasonography in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Korean Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tusman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postural lung recruitment assessed by lung ultrasound in mechanically ventilated children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Ultrasound J]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of lung ultrasound in detecting peri-operative atelectasis after general anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ultrasound Med Biol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2775-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco-Salas N de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Enríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonido pulmonar en Medicina, su utilidad en la práctica clínica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Fac Med (Méx)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>36-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radzina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biederer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasonography of the lung]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rofo]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>191</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>909-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang J-]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu Z-]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan J-]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu S-]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of lung atelectasis/consolidation by ultrasound in multiple trauma patients with mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Ultrasound J]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouhemad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbelot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le-Guen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound assessment of antibiotic-induced pulmonary reaeration in ventilator-associated pneumonia*]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>84-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kajimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madeen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsudo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuroda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación rápida mediante ecografía integrada pulmón-cardio-vena cava inferior (LCI) para diferenciar la insuficiencia cardíaca de la enfermedad pulmonar como causa de disnea aguda en el contexto de emergencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cardiovasc Ultrasound]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasquale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated lung ultrasound score for early clinical decision-making in patients with COVID-19: results and implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ultrasound J]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sebastien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound assessment of lung aeration loss during a successful weaning trial predicts postextubation distress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2064-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erminio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The weaning from mechanical ventilation: a comprehensive ultrasound approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>322-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
