<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2025000400813</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v92i368.3110</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prehistoria de la banca central en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prehistory of central banking in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>368</numero>
<fpage>813</fpage>
<lpage>832</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2025000400813&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2025000400813&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2025000400813&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Exploramos aspectos destacados del sistema bancario mexicano antes de la Revolución y el ejercicio de ciertas funciones de la banca central a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX que antecedieron a la creación del banco central. En primer lugar, comentamos las funciones públicas que cumplió el Banco Nacional de México, desde 1884 en adelante, en tanto era un gran banco privado que operaba como un banco de gobierno, sin ser del gobierno. Luego revisamos de manera muy sintética la legislación bancaria ratificada por José Yves Limantour, secretario de Hacienda entre 1893 y 1910, que incluyó no sólo la famosa Ley Bancaria de 1897, sino también la adopción del patrón oro en 1905, la creación de la Comisión de Cambios y el papel del clearing bank, conocido como Banco Central Mexicano entre 1905 y 1913. Concluimos con una breve discusión sobre las principales propuestas de banca central que se debatieron durante la Revolución mexicana, entre 1916 y 1920, algunas de las cuales contribuyeron, en cuanto a ideas y proyectos, a la formulación de las bases posteriores que llevaron a la creación del Banco de México.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We explore key aspects of the Mexican banking system before the Revolution and the exercise of certain central banking functions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that deserve special mention. First, we discuss the fundamental functions performed by the Banco Nacional de México from 1884 onward, as a large private bank that fulfilled many of the functions of a public bank, without being part of the government. Of equal importance is the review of banking legislation ratified by José Yves Limantour, secretary of the Treasury between 1893 and 1910, which included not only the famous Banking Law of 1897 but also the adoption of the gold standard in 1905, the creation of the Foreign Exchange Commission, and the role of the clearing bank, known as the Banco Central Mexicano between 1905 and 1913. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the main central banking proposals debated during the Mexican Revolution, between 1916 and 1920, some of which contributed in terms of ideas and projects to the formulation of the subsequent foundations that led to the creation of the Banco de México.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[banca central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bancos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia financiera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercados financieros latinoamericanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central banks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[banks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[financial history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin American financial markets]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La gestión hacendaria de la Revolución]]></source>
<year>1917</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palacio Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proyecto sobre organización bancaria]]></source>
<year>1920</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Gobernación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colapso y reforma. La integración del sistema bancario en el México revolucionario, 1913-1932]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa/Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco de Londres y México</collab>
<source><![CDATA[100 años de banca en México: primer centenario del Banco de Londres y México, institución de depósito, fiduciaria y de ahorro, 1864-1964]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco de Londres y México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barceló Quintal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El desarrollo de la banca en Yucatán. El henequén y la oligarquía henequenera]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Banca y poder en México (1800-1925)]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>165-205</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Grijalbo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera Lavalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La cuestión monetaria en México]]></source>
<year>1914</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Librería de Charles Bouret]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Central Banking in Mexico. Monetary Policies and Financial Crises, 1864-1940]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why did the Bank of Canada emerge in 1935?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic History]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>405-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bordo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Origins, History, and Future of the Federal Reserve: A Return to Jekyll Island]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casasús]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las instituciones bancarias en México]]></source>
<year>1890</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oficina Tipográfica de la Secretaría de Fomento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerutti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Burguesía, capitales e industria en el norte de México: Monterrey y su ámbito regional, 1850-1910]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerutti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La banca regional en México, 1870-1930]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Banking System of Mexico]]></source>
<year>1910</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Government Printing Office]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los bancos de México: su origen y su pasado y su porvenir; posible fundación del Banco Único]]></source>
<year>1920</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imp. J. Chávez]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The emergence of central banks in Latin America: Are evolutionary models applicable?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holtfrerich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toniolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Emergence of Modern Central Banking from 1918 to the Present]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>279-322</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres y Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923-1933]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Durham y Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Duke University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eichengreen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakridis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Spread of the Modern Central Bank and Global Cooperation, 1919-1939]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cincuenta años de banca central]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Zendejas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La formación de la banca central en América Latina: orígenes y primeros desafíos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lecturas de Economía]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<numero>100</numero>
<edition>especial</edition>
<issue>100</issue>
<page-range>205-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El crecimiento de la banca local de emisión en México, 1897-1910]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerutti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La banca regional en México, 1870-1930]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>321-41</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México/Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodhart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Evolution of Central Banks]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holtfrerich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toniolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Emergence of Modern Central Banking from 1918 to the Present]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres y Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemmerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sistema monetario de México: reformas propuestas]]></source>
<year>1917</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palacio Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemmerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inflation and Revolution. Mexico&#8217;s Experience of 1912-1917]]></source>
<year>1940</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labastida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio histórico y filosófico sobre la legislación de los bancos]]></source>
<year>1889</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imp. del Gob. VIII]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Banco Nacional Mexicano y el Banco Mercantil Mexicano: radiografía social de sus primeros accionistas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>156</numero>
<issue>156</issue>
<page-range>979-1027</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La banca en México, 1820-1920]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México/Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salmerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La emisión del papel moneda en México: una larga negociación político-financiera, 1880-1897]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Hacienda Pública]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Gavito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La cuestión de los bancos]]></source>
<year>1885</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Francisco Díaz de León]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[anexo al Informe presentado al C. D. Venustiano Carranza, con motivo de las comisiones conferidas al autor en Europa y Sud-América; carpeta 126, legajo 14220]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Breve memoria sobre el funcionamiento y organización de los principales bancos emisores en Europa y América]]></source>
<year>1918</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios de Historia de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Banco de México]]></source>
<year>1926</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[F. Mayans]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La revolución bancaria en México]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<edition>facsimilar</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la banca privada a la gran banca hacia fines del siglo XIX: Antonio Basagoiti Arteta en México y España, 1880-1911]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>767-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El nacimiento de la banca en América Latina: finanzas y política en el siglo XIX]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bancos europeos en América Latina durante la era de la globalización, 1862-1914]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Trimestre Económico]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>363</numero>
<issue>363</issue>
<page-range>495-528</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barragán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bancos nacionales y consolidación de estados nacionales: la experiencia latinoamericana, 1870-1890]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia bancaria y monetaria de América Latina (siglos XIX y XX): nuevas perspectivas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>135-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santander ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad de Cantabria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tedde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La formación de los bancos centrales en España y América Latina (siglos XIX y XX)]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Aceña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La política monetaria en España, 1919-1935]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Hacienda]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Aceña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Banco de España y las funciones de un banco central (1914-1935)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tedde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La formación de los bancos centrales en España y América Latina (siglos XIX y XX)]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>Vol. 1: España y México</volume>
<page-range>121-9</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maurer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Power and the Money: Credible Commitments and the Financial System in Mexico, 1876-1932]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stanford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCaleb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Present and Past Banking in Mexico]]></source>
<year>1920</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper and Brothers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La creación del sistema financiero mexicano. La Comisión Monetaria: fuentes para su estudio (1903-1936)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>157-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musacchio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Entre el oro y la plata: las causas de la adopción del patrón oro en México]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ITAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oñate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La batalla por el Banco Central. Las negociaciones de México con los banqueros internacionales, 1920-1925]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>631-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Passananti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International and Domestic Conflict in Late Porfirian Mexico: A History of the Mexican Monetary Reform of 1905]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Chicago]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lecciones elementales de economía política]]></source>
<year>1876</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Imprenta del Gobierno]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La política bancaria de los primeros gobiernos constitucionalistas: antecedentes de la fundación del Banco de México, 1917-1925]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marichal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Banca y poder en México (1800-1925)]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>375-409</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Grijalbo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Banco Único de Emisión y las demás instituciones de crédito en México]]></source>
<year>1921</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turrent Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia del Banco de México, 1925-1940]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turrent Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia del Banco de México, 1941-1946]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uhthoff López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las finanzas públicas durante la Revolución: el papel de Luis Cabrera y Rafael Nieto al frente de la Secretaría de Hacienda]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zebadúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Banqueros y revolucionarios: la soberanía financiera de México]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
