<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-2422</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología y ciencias del agua]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnol. cienc. agua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-2422</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Coordinación de Comunicación, Participación e Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-24222017000100081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24850/j-tyca-2017-01-06</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Remoción de nitrógeno amoniacal total en un biofiltro: percolador-columna de arena]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Total ammonia nitrogen removal in a bio filter: Trickling filter-sand column]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego-Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daury]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-24222017000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-24222017000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-24222017000100081&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los sistemas de recirculación acuícola (SRA) tienen en la biofiltración un proceso clave para sostener la vida acuática y en la tasa volumétrica de conversión de nitrógeno amoniacal (TVCNAT ) el parámetro para determinar la carga de nutrientes que puede soportar un biofiltro. El objeto de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia del proceso de remoción de nitrógeno a través de la TVCNAT en un biofiltro UFiPA. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en un SRA. La biofiltración se realizó por la combinación de un medio de percolación y uno de arena. Se introdujeron 418 organismos, con una longitud promedio de 19 cm y peso promedio de 287 g. Para determinar la eficiencia y la TVCNAT se llevó a cabo un experimento de 62 días en un biofiltro percolador-columna de arena. Se utilizó un muestreo estratificado, con un nivel de confianza de 95%. La eficiencia de remoción del biofiltro fue de 77.22 ± 0.5% de NAT; 26.46 ± 0.58% de N-NO2; -1.20 ± 1.36% de N-NO3; 11.14 ± 0.67% de DQO, y 40.79 ± 0.78% de SST. Las TVCNAT obtenidas para el biofiltro fueron de 147.12 ± 59.26g de NAT/m3·d. Al analizar por separado la percolación se tuvo una tasa de 34.99 ± 41.20g de NAT/ m3·d; la columna de arena de 119.65 ± 42.71g de NAT/m3·d. La combinación de percolador-columna de arena tuvo un desarrollo especializado en la remoción de compuestos nitrogenados: una eficiencia de remoción de NAT mayor a 70%, con valores bajos de TVCNAT .]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have in biofiltration a key to sustain aquatic life and the volumetric conversion rate of total ammonia nitrogen (TVCNAT) a parameter to determine the nutrient load that a biofilter can process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal process through the TVCNAT from an UFiPA biofilter. This experiment was carried out in a RAS. Biofiltration was performed by combining a trickling process and a mechanical filtration. 418 organisms were used, with a length of 19 cm and weight of 287 g, a biomass of 119.96 kg at a density of 13.3 kg/m3. To determine the efficiency and the TVCNAT a 62 days experiment was conducted in a trickling-sand biofilter. Stratified sampling was used, with a confidence level of 95%. The biofilter removal efficiency was 77.22 ± 0.5% of TAN; 26.46 ± 0.58 NO2-N; -1.20 ± 1.36% of NO3-N; 11.14 ± 0.67% of COD, and 40.79 ± 0.78% of TSS. The TVCNAT obtained for the biofilter was 147.12 ± 59.26 g TAN/m3·d. When analyzing separately the trickling process had a rate of 34.99 ± 41.20g TAN/ m3·d; the sand column rate was 119.65 ± 42.71g TAN/m3·d. The combination trickling-sand process had a specialized development in the removal of nitrogen compounds: removal efficiency greater than 70% TAN, with low values of TVCNAT.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[remoción de nitrógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa volumétrica de conversión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema de recirculación acuícola]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nitrógeno amoniacal total]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nitrogen removal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[volumetric conversion rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recirculating aquaculture systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[total ammonia nitrogen]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La trucha, cría industrial]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mundi-prensa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonvendeur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fixed biofilm reactors applied to wastewater treatment and aquacultural water recirculating systems]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wageningen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Water quality in ponds for aquaculture]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Alabama ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Auburn University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Craig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pond aquaculture water quality management]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamoureux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>377-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrogen waste from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with particular focus on urea]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalsgaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2-9</numero>
<issue>2-9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acuerdo por el que se establecen los criterios de calidad del agua]]></article-title>
<collab>DOF</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Federación]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>435</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Standardized evaluation and rating of biofilters: II. Manufacturer&#8217;s and user&#8217;s perspective]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoslerb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaverc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aneshansleyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckmane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnsonf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cristinag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>403-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and operation of nitrifying trickling filters in recirculating aquaculture: A review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verreth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huismana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klapwijkc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>234-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wind, rain and bacteria: The effect of weather on the microbial composition of roof-harvested rainwater]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coombes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunstan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Water Research]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de un sistema de recirculación y acondicionamiento de agua en truticultura]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego-Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burrola-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Water Technology and Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>83-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Pulido]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de un sistema prototipo integral de cultivo de trucha con tratamiento y reciclado del efluente]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CIRA, Facultad de Ingeniería, UAEM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An evaluation of commercially available biological filters for recirculating aquaculture systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerdat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losordo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Classena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osborneb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeLonga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>38-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of light spectrum on growth and stress response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared under recirculating system conditions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karakatsouli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalogiannis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klontz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Producción de trucha arcoíris en granjas familiares]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Moscow, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Idaho]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toxicity of nitrite to channel catfish]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konikoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Progressive Fish Culturist. (North American Journal of Aquaculture)]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>96-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of stocking density and low level sustained exercise on the energetic efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at 19 °C]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jokumsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>324-325</volume>
<page-range>226-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonal first flush phenomenon of urban storm water discharges]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kayhanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stenstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Water Research]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>4153-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lekang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture Engineering]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>2a</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Drobakveien, Noruega ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of organic carbon on nitrification performance of different biofilters]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>150-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of sequencing microbead biofilters in a recirculating aquaculture system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Che]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>80-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Muestreo: diseño y análisis]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Thomson Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A sodium bicarbonate dosing methodology for ph management in freshwater-recirculating aquaculture systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loyless]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Progressive Fish-Culturist]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>198-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of floating bead filters to recondition recirculating waters in warm water aquaculture production systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beecher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>57-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rating fixed film nitrifying biofilters used in recirculating aquaculture systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeiffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>389-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of stocking density and sustained aerobic exercise on growth, energetics and welfare of rainbow trout]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Höglund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dupont-Prinet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jokumsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>338-341</volume>
<page-range>216-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and function of a closed, recirculating seawater system with denitrification for the culture of black tiger shrimp broodstock]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menasveta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panritdam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sihanonth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powtongsook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chuntape]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Metcalf & Eddy</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Wastewater engineering: Treatment and resource recovery]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>5th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary l-tryptophan and tank colour effects on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles reared in a recirculating water system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karakatsouli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>277-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of musical stimuli and white noise on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and physiology in recirculating water conditions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karakatsouli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skouradakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papoutsoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batzina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leondaritis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakellaridis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>16-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrification performance and robustness of fixed and moving bed biofilters having identical carrier elements]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oostervelda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>37-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrification performance of a propeller-washed bead clarifier supporting a fluidized sand biofilter in a recirculating warm water fish system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeiffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>311-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of three types of structured floating plastic media in moving bed biofilters for total ammonia nitrogen removal in a low salinity hatchery recirculating aquaculture system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeiffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>51-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to fishes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thurston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture and Water Quality]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>58-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of dietary supplement of annatto (Bixa orellana) seed meal on blood carotenoid content and fillet color stability in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehraban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing the nitrification efficiency of fluidized bed filter with plastic bead medium]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boardman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brazil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>41-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrification in moving bed and fixed bed biofilters treating effluent water from a large commercial outdoor rainbow trout RAS]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suhr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>31-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recirculating Aquaculture]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cayuga Aqua Ventures]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piedrahita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acuicultura en sistemas de recirculación]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cayuga Aqua Ventures]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebeling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Summerfelt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wheaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recirculating aquaculture systems]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cayuga Aqua Ventures]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The biological filtering effect of a new suspended type filter substance used in the circulating water culture system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fisheries Science &amp; Technology Information]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>293-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An experimental study on nitrification biofilm performances using a series reactor system]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>245-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of organic carbon on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aquacultural Engineering]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1-11</numero>
<issue>1-11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
