<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3569</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CONfines de relaciones internacionales y ciencia política]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CONfines relacion. internaci. ciencia política]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3569</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, División de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35692017000100041</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Canadá y su relación con Latinoamérica: una cavilación hacia el futuro]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Canada and its Relationship with Latin America: a Perspective for the Future]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santín Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oliver]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Dalhousie  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Nueva Escocia]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35692017000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35692017000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35692017000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo aborda la compleja y problemática relación en años recientes entre Canadá y sus contrapartes latinoamericanos, tomando en consideración los elementos ideológicos, económicos y políticos internos en Canadá, sin los cuales no puede entenderse el rumbo que ha tomado esta relación. Así, mediante un estudio de los antecedentes históricos más visibles, señalaremos la dirección que tomó la política canadiense en el ámbito internacional bajo el gobierno del conservador Stephen Harper y el lugar que ocupó Latinoamérica en su agenda. De esta forma, haremos un balance de la importancia de América Latina para Canadá, al igual que identificaremos los probables rumbos que tomará esta relación bajo la administración liberal que asumió el poder en Canadá a finales de 2015, con el primer ministro Justin Trudeau.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This article studies the complex and problematic relation which Canada has had in recent years with its Latin American counterparts, and considers the pertinent ideological, economic and internal political elements of Canada needed to understand the direction it has taken. Through an analysis of the most obvious historical antecedents, we assess the direction taken by the government of Conservative leader Stephen Harper, both in terms of Canadian foreign policy in general and Latin America. We study the importance that Latin America has had for Canada, while also identifying potential future directions to be taken by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, leader of the Liberal party, which took power in late 2015.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gobierno canadiense]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Stephen Harper]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[relaciones internacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empresas mineras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Justin Trudeau]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Canadian government]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stephen Harper]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mining companies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Justin Trudeau]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Adams, P. &amp; Power Trap</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Toronto, Can ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[James Lorimer &amp; Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Canada&#8217;s Trade with the World, by Region]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourrie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Kill the Messengers. Stephen Harper´s Assault on Your Right to Know]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[EUA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper Collins]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sewell]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leaders at Summit Turn Attention to Deficit Cuts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign Aid as a Tool for Development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Globe and Mail]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Board Member John Price on Canada-Latin America Trade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Council for the Americas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Man Claiming to be NSA Whistleblower Comes Forward]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CBC News]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trudeau Welcomes Trump&#8217;s Keystone XL Decision]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CBC News]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How We Lead Canada in a Century of Change]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vintage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Canadian Mining in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Council on Hemispheric Affairs]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Viva Cuba: Fidel Castro and Pierre Trudeau (Pt. 1)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dailymotion]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ditchburn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Summit of the Americas: Cuba Issue Splits Canada, U.S. from Unified Latin America. Canadian Press.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Embajada de Canadá en México]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Ugly Canadian. Stephen Harper&#8217;s Foreign Policy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marquis Printing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flanagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Waiting for the Wave. The Reform Party and the Conservative Movement]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGill-Queen&#8217;s University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephanie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Senate Seeks Answers About CSEC&#8217;s Interest in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Globe and Mail]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garibay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pánico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urquijo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corporación minera, colusión gubernamental y desposesión campesina. El caso de Goldcorp Inc. en Mazapil, Zacatecas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Desacatos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Global Affairs Canada</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Canada&#8217;s Enhanced Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy to Strengthen Canada&#8217;s Extractive Sector Abroad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Global Affairs Canada</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New Canadian Initiatives in the Americas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government of Canada]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Archived-Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada in Cartagena]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government of Canada]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the Death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez Frías]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government of Canada]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Government of Canada]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grofman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[André]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shaun]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Duverger&#8217;s Law of Plurality Voting. The Logic of Party Competition in Canada, India, the United Kingdom and the United States]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Harperism. How Stephen Harper and his Think Tank colleagues have Transformed Canada]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[James Lorimer &amp; Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hai Ngo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada in Toronto]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Healey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Harper Record]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibbitson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stephen Harper]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McClelland &amp; Stewart]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El Acuerdo Estratégico Transpacífico de Asociación Económica: una perspectiva latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeffrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dismantling Canada. Stephen Harper &#8217;s New Conservative Agenda]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGill-Queen&#8217;s University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canada and the Crisis in Central America]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Praeger]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Harper Optimistic Keystone Pipeline Will Proceed After Obama Leaves Office]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Globe and Mail]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKeena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[America and the Americas]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Université Laval]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nossal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Politics of Canadian Foreign Policy]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scarabough Prentince-Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Venezuela responde a Canadá y critica las palabras de Stephen Harper tras la muerte de Chávez]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Noticias Montreal]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Parliament of Canada, Electoral Results by Party]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ragan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Opportunity for Canadian Dairy to Expand and Export]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Globe and Mail]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Randall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Canada, the Caribbean and Latin America: Trade, Investment and Political Challenges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian International Council, Foreign Policy for Canada&#8217;s Tomorrow]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santín Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La política conservadora del primer ministro canadiense Stephen Harper hacia América Latina (Primera Parte)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trabajadores]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>106</numero>
<issue>106</issue>
<page-range>33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Statistics Canada</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imports, Exports and Trade Balance of Goods on a Balance-of-Payments Basis, by Country or Country Grouping]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Statistics Canada]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Wikileaks</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Viewing Cable 09OTTAWA291]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Canada and the Americas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Impact of Canadian Mining in Latin America and Canada&#8217;s Responsibility: Executive Summary of the Report Submitted to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Working Group on Mining and Human Rights in Latin America]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
