<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3550</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3550</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35502021000200317</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cisan.24487228e.2021.2.517</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From NAFTA to USMCA: Can a Good Idea that Came Too Late Be Born Again?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Del TLCAN al T-MEC: ¿puede renacer una buena idea que llegó muy tarde?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escaith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hubert]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Aix-Marseille University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>317</fpage>
<lpage>345</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35502021000200317&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35502021000200317&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35502021000200317&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes from the trade perspective the lower-than-expected growth dividends of Mexico&#8217;s export-led strategy adopted in the 1990s. Particular attention is given to employment, labor productivity, and regional outcomes. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) caused Mexican exports to skyrocket in the first years of its implementation. This initial lift was quickly sapped by China&#8217;s emergence after it entered the World Trade Organization in 2001. Recent years witnessed a renewed dynamism of Mexican presence in the U.S. market. In an international context marked by deglobalization and decoupling, this rebound is expected to continue under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Yet, in order to deliver economic growth, Mexico needs to diversify the geographical location of its exporting industries. The analysis of Mexican exports shows also that idiosyncratic weaknesses, such as the low contribution of the business services sector or the deficient trade and transport infrastructure, must be addressed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo analiza, desde la perspectiva comercial, el crecimiento de los dividendos (menor del esperado) de la estrategia dirigida a la exportación adoptada por México en la década de los noventa. Se da particular atención al empleo, a la productividad laboral y a las ganancias regionales. El Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) catapultó las exportaciones mexicanas durante los primeros años de su implementación; esta alza inicial fue rápidamente interrumpida por el ascenso de China, cuando entró a la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC) en 2001. En años recientes, se observa un dinamismo renovado de la presencia mexicana en el mercado de Estados Unidos. En un contexto internacional marcado por la desglobalización y la disgregación, se espera que continúe un repunte de aquellas exportaciones con el Tratado México-Estados Unidos-Canadá (T-MEC). México, para llegar a un crecimiento económico, necesita diversificar la ubicación geográfica de sus industrias exportadoras. El análisis de las exportaciones mexicanas también muestra las debilidades idiosincráticas, como la baja contribución del sector servicios a los negocios o la deficiente infraestructura comercial y de transporte.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regional agreements]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deglobalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[market share analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acuerdos regionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desglobalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de mercados compartidos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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