<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-8574</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Latinoamérica. Revista de estudios Latinoamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Latinoamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-8574</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-85742026000100202</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cialc.24486914e.2026.82.57745</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La diplomacia del dólar y Galápagos: William F. Sands en Ecuador (1911-1912)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dollar diplomacy and the Galápagos: William F. Sands in Ecuador (1911-1912)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olimpia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>82</numero>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-85742026000100202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-85742026000100202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-85742026000100202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: en este artículo se analizan las estrategias de la diplomacia del dólar desplegadas para el otorgamiento de un empréstito al gobierno ecuatoriano durante la revolución Alfaro-Estrada (1911). Desde esta perspectiva, el diplomático estadounidense William F. Sands fue enviado a Ecuador para evaluar la situación política y económica, y poder determinar la viabilidad del préstamo. El testimonio de Sands permite observar la transición del periodo revolucionario al dominio de una oligarquía liberal que derrocó a Eloy Alfaro, así como su función de representante de los intereses estadounidenses y la diplomacia del dólar. Sustentado en diversas fuentes periodísticas, como The New York Tribune, The San Francisco Call, The Washington Times y The Sun, se concluye que, pese a las negociaciones, el empréstito no fue otorgado debido a factores como la especulación financiera, el clima de inestabilidad política, las pretensiones de Estados Unidos de arrendar las islas Galápagos y la creciente oposición local a la intervención extranjera.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the dollar diplomacy strategies deployed to grant a loan to the Ecuadorian government during the Alfaro-Estrada revolution (1911). From this perspective, US diplomat William F. Sands was sent to Ecuador to assess the political and economic situation and determine the viability of the loan. Sands' testimony allows us to observe the transition from the revolutionary period to the rule of a liberal oligarchy that overthrew Eloy Alfaro, as well as his role as representative of US interests and dollar diplomacy. Based on various journalistic sources, such as The New York Tribune, The San Francisco Call, The Washington Times, and The Sun, it is concluded that, despite negotiations, the loan was not granted due to factors such as financial speculation, the climate of political instability, the UniIslands andattempts to lease the Galapagos Islands, and growing local opposition to foreign intervention.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Diplomacia del dólar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Williams F. Sands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Islas Galápagos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dollar Diplomacy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Williams F. Sands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Galapagos Islands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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