<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232023000300338</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1764</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Event-driven architecture and REST architectural style: An exploratory study on modularity]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazzari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos) Applied Computing Graduate Program (PPGCA) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio Grande do Sul Sa&#771;o Leopoldo]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>338</fpage>
<lpage>351</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232023000300338&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232023000300338&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232023000300338&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Event-driven architecture has been widely adopted in the software industry, emerging as an alternative to the development of enterprise applications based on the REST architectural style. However, little is known about the effects of event-driven architecture on modularity while enterprise applications evolve. Consequently, practitioners end up adopting it without any empirical evidence about its impacts on essential indicators, including separation of concerns, coupling, cohesion, complexity, and size. This article, therefore, reports an exploratory study comparing event-driven architecture and REST style in terms of modularity. A realistic application was developed using an event-driven architecture and REST through five evolution scenarios. In each scenario, a feature was added. The generated versions were compared using ten metrics. The initial results suggest that the event-driven architecture improved the separation of concerns, but was outperformed considering the metrics of coupling, cohesion, complexity, and size. The findings are encouraging and can be seen as the first step in a more ambitious agenda to empirically evaluate the benefits of event-driven architecture against the REST architectural style.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Event-driven architecture, EDA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[modularity, empirical study, Kafka: REST]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alaasam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radchenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tchernykh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stateful stream processing for digital twins: Microservice-based kafka stream dsl]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2019 International Multi-Conference on Engineering, Computer and Information Sciences (SIBIRCON)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>0804-9</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almentero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[do Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards software modularization from requirements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1007-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ontology-based holonic event-driven architecture for autonomous networked manufacturing systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>205-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falatiuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirokopetleva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dudar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of architecture and technology stack for e-archive system. In 2019 IEEE International Scientific-Practical Conference Problems of Infocommunications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science and Technology (PIC S&amp;T)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>229-35</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of stability on model composition effort: an exploratory study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Software &amp; Systems Modeling]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1473-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whittle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Flach Garcia Chavez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluating the effort of composing design models: a controlled experiment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Software &amp; Systems Modeling]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1349-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empirical evaluation of effort on composing design models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[arXiv preprint arXiv:]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1610.09012</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fertier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montarnal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barthe-Delanoë]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Truptil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bénaben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-time data exploitation supported by model-and event-driven architecture to enhance situation awareness, application to crisis management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enterprise Information Systems]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>769-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiege]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mühl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gärtner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modular event-based systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Knowledge Engineering Review]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>359-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fielding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Irvine ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sant'Anna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulesza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dantas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolving software product lines with aspects: an empirical study on design stability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>261-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sant'Anna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kulesza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Staa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modularizing design patterns with aspects: a quantitative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development I]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>36-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survey of software architecture description and usage in software industry of Pakistan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2009 international conference on emerging technologies]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>395-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laigner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalinowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From a monolithic big data system to a microservices event-driven architecture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2020 46th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>213-20</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parnas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the Criteria to Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pioneers and Their Contributions to Software Engineering]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin, Heidelberg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahmani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Event-driven iot architecture for data analysis of reliable healthcare applications using complex event processing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cluster Computing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1347-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sant&#8217;Anna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the modularity of aspect-oriented design: A concern-driven measurement approach]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio Jan. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontif. Universidade Catol. Rio Jan. Comput. Sci. Dep.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schipor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vatavu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanderdonckt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Euphoria: A Scalable, event-driven architecture for designing interactions across heterogeneous devices in smart environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information and Software Technology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>43-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stopford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Designing Event-Driven Systems]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[O&#8217;Reilly Media, Incorporated]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Software quality and IS project performance improvements from software development process maturity and is implementation strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Systems and Software]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>616-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tragatschnig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zdun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling change patterns for impact and conflict analysis in event-driven architectures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2015 IEEE 24th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>44-6</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wohlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Runeson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Höst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohlsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wesslén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Experimentation in software engineering]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Science &amp; Business Media]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[REST API design patterns for SDN northbound API]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2014 28th international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>358-65</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
