Desempeño dinámico de esquemas alternativos a la columna petlyuk (columna de pared divisoria) para la separación de mezclas ternarias

Dynamic behavior of alternate schemes to petlyuk column (dividing wall column) for separation of ternary mixtures

J. Martínez–Cisneros, A. A. Hernández–Sánchez, J.G. Segovia–Hernández*, S. Hernández, H. Hernández

Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto., México 36050. * Autor para la correspondencia. E–mail: gsegovia@quijote.ugto.mx Tel: (52) 473 73 20006 ext 8142

Resumen

Los sistemas de destilación térmicamente acoplados han sido propuestos ya que pueden efectuar la tarea de separación de una mezcla utilizando bajos consumos energéticos en comparación con los esquemas convencionales de destilación. La estructura de estos sistemas complejos ofrece retos en el área de control debido a la transferencia de corrientes de vapor (o líquido) entre las columnas. En particular, la presencia de los reciclos en estos sistemas acoplados ha generado la noción de que algunos problemas de control pueden ser detectados durante la operación de dichos sistemas en comparación con el buen desempeño de las secuencias de destilación convencionales. Esta es una de las principales razones para que no haya un amplio uso de las columnas térmicamente acopladas a nivel industrial. Recientemente algunos esquemas alternos a la columna Petlyuk han sido propuestos. En este trabajo se analiza las propiedades de control de dos esquemas alternativos a la columna Petlyuk. El desempeño dinámico de los sistemas es analizado utilizando la técnica de la descomposición en valores singulares y mediante simulaciones dinámicas rigurosas. Los resultados muestran que las estructuras alternativas muestran mejores propiedades de control que la estructura Petlyuk convencional.

Palabras clave: columna Petlyuk, propiedades de control, ahorro de energía, columnas alternativas, diseño.

Abstract

Thermally coupled distillation systems have been proposed to perform distillation separation tasks with the incentive of achieving lower energy consumption levels with respect to conventional distillation sequences. The structure of the complex systems offers some control challenges arising from the transfer of vapor (or liquid) streams between the columns. In particular, the presence of recycle streams in the coupled schemes has influenced the notion that control problems might be expected during the operation of those systems with respect to the rather well–known behavior of conventional distillation sequences. That has been one of the main reasons for the lack of industrial implementation of thermally coupled distillation schemes. Recently, some alternate schemes to Petlyuk column have been proposed. In this work, we analyze the control properties of two alternative distillation schemes to the Petlyuk column. The dynamic behavior is analyzed using the technique of singular value decomposition and rigorous dynamic simulations. The results indicate that alternate structures show better control properties than traditional Petlyuk structure.

Keywords: Petlyuk column, control properties, energy savings, alternative sequences, design.

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Agradecimientos

Los autores muestran un agradecimiento a la Universidad de Guanajuato, CONACyT y CONCyTEG por el apoyo brindado para la realización de este trabajo.

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