<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-9940</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de cardiología de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Cardiol. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-9940</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-99402024000400495</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/acm.23000187</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de angina alérgica, infarto al miocardio alérgico o síndrome de Kounis: actualización en la epidemiología, la etiología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Reporte de un caso por anafilaxia a gadolinio]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Allergic angina syndrome, allergic myocardial infarct or Kounis syndrome: insights on epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. A case report by gadolinium anaphylaxis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Argentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taracena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal Departamento de Cardiología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal Departamento de Terapia Intensiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal Departamento de Medicina Interna ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>495</fpage>
<lpage>501</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402024000400495&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-99402024000400495&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-99402024000400495&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El síndrome de Kounis (SK) fue descrito por primera vez en 1991 por Kounis y Zavras, y es también conocido como síndrome de angina alérgica o infarto del miocardio por alergia. Es un síndrome poco común y frecuentemente infradiagnosticado, que se caracteriza por una reacción anafiláctica ante algún agente desencadenante. Los alergenos ocasionan una desgranulación masiva de mastocitos produciendo espasmo coronario, angina microvascular o disfunción endotelial con infarto del miocardio. La incidencia anual de anafilaxia grave que pone en riesgo la vida con síntomas circulatorios es de 7.9-9.6 casos por cada 100,000 personas. Mas de 300 casos de SK se han descrito posterior a la exposición a varios agentes, como medicamentos, venenos de insectos, comidas o stents medicados. Si bien la incidencia del SK es muy baja, la incidencia de infarto del miocardio por anafilaxia secundaria a gadolinio es aún más baja, reportada en un rango del 0.002-0.01%. El objetivo de este artículo es la revisión de los datos actuales del síndrome de Kounis a propósito de un caso de alergia a gadolinio, el cual tiene una incidencia extremadamente baja.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Kounis syndrome (KS) was first described in 1991 by Kounis and Zavras and is also known as allergic angina syndrome or allergy myocardial infarction. It is a rare, and frequently undiagnosed syndrome that is characterized by an anaphylactic reaction. Allergens cause massive degranulation of mast cells leading to coronary spasm, microvascular angina, and/or endothelial dysfunction with myocardial infarction. The annual incidence of severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis with circulatory symptoms is about 7.9-9.6 cases per 100,000 people. More than 300 cases of KS have been described after exposure to various agents such as drugs, insect venoms, food, or medicated stents. Although the incidence of KS is very low, the incidence of myocardial infarction due to anaphylaxis secondary to gadolinium is even lower, reported in a range of 0.002-0.01%. The objective of this article is to review the current data on KS, regarding a case of allergy to gadolinium, which has an extremely low incidence.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alergia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Angina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infarto del miocardio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de Kounis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gadolinio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Allergy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Angina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Myocardial infarction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kounis syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gadolinium]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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