<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-9193</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuestiones constitucionales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuest. Const.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-9193</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-91932024000200120</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24484881e.2024.51.18370</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿El federalismo importa? Un análisis sobre la viabilidad del federalismo en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Does federalism matter? An analysis of the viability of federalism in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaires Zaragoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>51</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-91932024000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-91932024000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-91932024000200120&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se ha planteado por un sector de la doctrina internacional que el federalismo prácticamente no hace ninguna diferencia en la forma en que se gobierna a las personas ni tiene una relación directa con la democracia. Lo dicho lleva a preguntar si en México ha hecho alguna diferencia y qué relación tiene con la democracia. El trabajo tiene como objeto confrontar los argumentos que comúnmente se vierten para defender el federalismo a través de un análisis deductivo-inductivo. Se plantea como hipótesis principal que ninguno de los argumentos es suficiente para que un país con las características de México adopte el sistema federal dual de competencias. Asimismo, se maneja como hipótesis derivada que es requisito indefectible para un federalismo exitoso que las partes constitutivas sean autogobernables y autosuficientes, lo cual no ocurre en la gran mayoría de los gobiernos locales en México.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract It has been argued by a sector of international doctrine that federalism makes practically no difference in the way people are governed and that it has no direct relationship with democracy. This leads us to ask if it has made any difference in Mexico and what relationship it has with democracy. The work aims to confront the arguments that are commonly put forward to defend federalism through a deductive-inductive analysis. The main hypothesis is that none of the arguments is enough for a country with the characteristics of Mexico to adopt the dual federal system of powers. Likewise, a derived hypothesis is that it is an unfailing requirement for a successful federalism that the constituent parts be self-governing and self-sufficient, which does not occur in the vast majority of local governments in Mexico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[federalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[centralismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[competencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autogobernable]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[federalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[centralism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[powers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-government]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La relevancia política del federalismo en el siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armenta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El federalismo mexicano: Una ficción política]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Para la libertad. Los republicanos en tiempos del imperio 1821-1823]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La diputación provincial y el federalismo mexicano]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los rostros del federalismo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La configuración del concepto de constitución en las experiencias revolucionarias francesa y norteamericana]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burdeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratado de ciencia política]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgess]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative federalism: Theory and practice]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paradojas de la transición democrática: Autoritarismo subnacional en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Políticos (México)]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>21-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canudas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Irreformabilidad de las decisiones políticas fundamentales de la constitución]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Escuela Nacional De Jurisprudencia, México]]></source>
<year>1943</year>
<volume>V</volume>
<numero>18, 19 y 20</numero>
<issue>18, 19 y 20</issue>
<page-range>97-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbonell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El federalismo en México: Principios generales y distribución de competencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario de Derecho Constitucional Latinoamericano]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>379-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La jibarización del federalismo mexicano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[200 años del pacto federal: Significado, actualidad y perspectivas]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>81-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los principios jurídico-políticos fundamentales en la constitución mexicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Derecho Del Estado]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>7-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plurinacionalismo, pluriculturalidad y federalismo en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina Hoy]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>101-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dealey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The spanish source of the mexican constitution of 1824]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association]]></source>
<year>1900</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>161-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eissa-Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mirando hacia filadelfia desde anáhuac: La constitución estadounidense en el congreso constituyente mexicano de 1823-1824]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>97-125</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Exploring federalism]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Alabama Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does federalism really matter?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Politics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>103-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El federalismo mexicano. Régimen Constitucional del Sistema Federal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gagnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iacovino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudadanía, federalismo y multinacionalismo: Debate sobre la aportación de Quebec]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalismo fiscal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Federalismo y regionalismo. Memoria del VII congreso iberoamericano de derecho constitucional]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>157-76</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaudreault-DesBiens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalismo y democracia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>117</numero>
<issue>117</issue>
<page-range>671-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grodzins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The American system: A new view of government in the united states]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Transaction Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guénette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gagnon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Del referéndum a la secesión-El proceso quebequense de acceso a la soberanía y las lecciones aprendidas con respecto a la autodeterminación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>9-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El federalista]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. d. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El federalismo a prueba. el centralismo silencioso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas actuales del federalismo mexicano: Leyes, políticas públicas y eterno social]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>47-74</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kölling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La cultura federal institucionalizada en Alemania]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos Manuel Giménez Abad]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>30-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kymlicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalismo, nacionalismo y multiculturalismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista International De Filosofía Política]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>20-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The riddle of federalism: Does federalism impact on democracy?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Democratisation]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>163-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lecona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La consolidación del federalismo a través de su diseño hacendario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nexos]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democracia, multinacionalismo y federalismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>7-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Livingston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A note on the nature of federalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Science Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lutz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The articles of confederation as the background to the federal republic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Publius: The Journal of Federalism]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Máiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La cultura política federal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Claves de Razón Práctica]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>209</volume>
<page-range>26-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Máiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nacionalismo y federalismo: Una aproximación desde la teoría política]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI de España Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mecham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The origins of federalism in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Hispanic American Historical Review]]></source>
<year>1938</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>164-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalismo fiscal: Diagnóstico y propuestas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Una Agenda para las Finanzas Públicas de México]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>145-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los gobiernos municipales en México: El problema del diseño institucional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Estado Mexicano: Herencias y Cambios. Globalización, Poderes y Seguridad Nacional]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>287-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El federalismo alemán: ¿Más cooperación o nueva asimetría?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Políticos]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<numero>118</numero>
<issue>118</issue>
<page-range>65-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olmeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armesto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La recentralización y los gobernadores: ¿Por qué no siempre se oponen? analizando el caso de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>109-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ornelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ámbito sectorial. La descentralización de la educación en México. El federalismo difícil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Las políticas descentralizadoras en México (1983-1993). Logros y desencantos]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can federalism make a difference?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Publius]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>197-237</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantoja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ramos Arizpe y la gestación del federalismo en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Historia del Derecho]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>147-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una crónica del poder. Federalismo, reforma y gobierno dividido en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Espiral (Guadalajara)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>113-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietschmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Actores locales y poder central: La herencia colonial y el caso de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Relaciones]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>52-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El federalismo en el iris de Jalisco y en panfletos de 1823 a 1825]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Jaliscienses]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>39-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Federalismo en México]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La virtud federalista]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cámara de Diputados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reichstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Era realmente inevitable? ¿Por qué México perdió Texas en 1836?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>867-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raphael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalismo incongruente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Universal]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Six books in search of a subject or does federalism exist and does it matter?]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>135-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholsem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La nueva constitución belga]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Centro de Estudios Constitucionales]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>61-163</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwartz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The spirit of the constitution: John Marshall and the 200-year odyssey of McCulloch v. Maryland]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perspectiva de reforma al régimen municipal en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas actuales del federalismo mexicano: Leyes, políticas públicas y entorno social]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>117-48</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barceló Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Percepciones sobre el federalismo en México]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sordo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El congreso nacional: De la autonomía de las provincias al compromiso federal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Establecimiento del Federalismo en México (1821-1827)]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>115-53</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho constitucional mexicano]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tocqueville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La democracia en América]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Origen del federalismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<page-range>284-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un viejo tema: El federalismo y el centralismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<page-range>621-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El establecimiento del federalismo en México, 1821-1827]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Federalism, federal political systems, and federations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Political Science]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>117-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
