<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-5546</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Computación y Sistemas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comp. y Sist.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-5546</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Computación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-55462011000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Semantic Representation of Raster Spatial Data]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Representación semántica de datos espaciales raster]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero Téllez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution><![CDATA[,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>321</fpage>
<lpage>325</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-55462011000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[When people think spatially, they do not usually consider geographic coordinates nor projections. Facing questions having a spatial sense, people do not answer with maps or coordinates, but use some references whose spatial location is "well known". For instance, the answer of a conventional geographic information system to the question "Where is the CIC?" would be "in coordinates 19.50314°N, 99.14759°W". In contrast, a person would answer "in Zacatenco" or "near to Eje Central". The semantic processing attempts to enrich an abstraction level similar to the one that people use commonly. This processing, applied to spatial data, does not depend on scales, resolutions, projections or others that are fundamental in conventional systems. We assume that the first step for making semantic processing is the semantic description of "raw" spatial data. Such description is the identification of the objects contained in data and the location of such objects within a conceptual framework, where they get a meaning. In this work, we present a methodology for making this semantic description using as a case study the digital elevation models. The methodology is build up of three stages: conceptualization, to define the conceptual framework of the description; synthesis, to process "raw" spatial data and to obtain the spatial objects contained in data; and description, to generate the representation of results from the synthesis according to the conceptual framework.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Cuando las personas pensamos espacialmente, no lo hacemos teniendo en mente cosas como coordenadas o proyecciones; ante preguntas que tienen una connotación espacial, las personas no contestamos con mapas ni con coordenadas; contestamos con referencias a objetos cuya ubicación es "bien conocida". Por ejemplo, ante la pregunta "¿Dónde está el CIC?", la respuesta de un sistema de información geográfica convencional sería "en 19.50314°N, 99.14759°O", pero una persona nos diría "en Zacatenco" o "cerca del Eje Central". El procesamiento semántico trata de alcanzar un nivel de abstracción parecido al que las personas utilizamos. Este tipo de procesamiento, aplicado a datos espaciales, no depende de escalas, resoluciones, proyecciones ni de ninguna de esas cosas que son importantes en los sistemas convencionales. Consideramos que el primer paso para realizar procesamiento semántico es la descripción semántica de los datos espaciales "crudos", dicha descripción consiste en la identificación de los objetos contenidos en los datos y la ubicación de esos objetos en un marco conceptual dentro del cual obtienen un significado. En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para realizar esta descripción semántica; utilizando como caso de estudio los modelos digitales de elevación. La metodología consta de tres etapas: la conceptualización, en la que se define el marco conceptual para la descripción; la síntesis, en la cual se procesan los datos espaciales "crudos" y se obtienen los objetos espaciales que contienen; y la descripción, en la que se realiza la representación de los resultados de la síntesis en términos del marco conceptual.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[semantic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[knowledge]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[representation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ontology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[raster spatial data]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[semántica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[representación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conocimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ontologías]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[datos espaciales raster]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Resumen de tesis doctoral</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Semantic Representation of Raster Spatial Data</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="3"><b>Representaci&oacute;n sem&aacute;ntica de datos espaciales raster</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Rolando Quintero T&eacute;llez</b> <b>    <br>     Graduated on November 08, 2007    <br> 	</b><i>Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Computaci&oacute;n,     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 	Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional,     <br> 	M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico.     <br> 	Email:</i> <a href="mailto:rquintero@ipn.mx">rquintero@ipn.mx</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Advisor: Serguei Levachkine    <br> 	</b><i>Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Computaci&oacute;n,     <br> 	IPN, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico.     <br> 	E mail:</i> <a href="mailto:sergei@cic.ipn.mx">sergei@cic.ipn.mx</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">When people think spatially, they do not usually consider geographic coordinates nor projections. Facing questions having a spatial sense, people do not answer with maps or coordinates, but use some references whose spatial location is "well known". For instance, the answer of a conventional geographic information system to the question "Where is the CIC?" would be "in coordinates 19.50314&deg;N, 99.14759&deg;W". In contrast, a person would answer "in Zacatenco" or "near to Eje Central". The semantic processing attempts to enrich an abstraction level similar to the one that people use commonly. This processing, applied to spatial data, does not depend on scales, resolutions, projections or others that are fundamental in conventional systems. We assume that the first step for making semantic processing is the semantic description of "raw" spatial data. Such description is the identification of the objects contained in data and the location of such objects within a conceptual framework, where they get a meaning. In this work, we present a methodology for making this semantic description using as a case study the digital elevation models. The methodology is build up of three stages: conceptualization, to define the conceptual framework of the description; synthesis, to process "raw" spatial data and to obtain the spatial objects contained in data; and description, to generate the representation of results from the synthesis according to the conceptual framework. </font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>semantic, knowledge, representation, ontology, raster spatial data.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Cuando las personas pensamos espacialmente, no lo hacemos teniendo en mente cosas como coordenadas o proyecciones; ante preguntas que tienen una connotaci&oacute;n espacial, las personas no contestamos con mapas ni con coordenadas; contestamos con referencias a objetos cuya ubicaci&oacute;n es "bien conocida". Por ejemplo, ante la pregunta "&iquest;D&oacute;nde est&aacute; el CIC?", la respuesta de un sistema de informaci&oacute;n geogr&aacute;fica convencional ser&iacute;a "en 19.50314&deg;N, 99.14759&deg;O", pero una persona nos dir&iacute;a "en Zacatenco" o "cerca del Eje Central". El procesamiento sem&aacute;ntico trata de alcanzar un nivel de abstracci&oacute;n parecido al que las personas utilizamos. Este tipo de procesamiento, aplicado a datos espaciales, no depende de escalas, resoluciones, proyecciones ni de ninguna de esas cosas que son importantes en los sistemas convencionales. Consideramos que el primer paso para realizar procesamiento sem&aacute;ntico es la descripci&oacute;n sem&aacute;ntica de los datos espaciales "crudos", dicha descripci&oacute;n consiste en la identificaci&oacute;n de los objetos contenidos en los datos y la ubicaci&oacute;n de esos objetos en un marco conceptual dentro del cual obtienen un significado. En este trabajo se presenta una metodolog&iacute;a para realizar esta descripci&oacute;n sem&aacute;ntica; utilizando como caso de estudio los modelos digitales de elevaci&oacute;n. La metodolog&iacute;a consta de tres etapas: la conceptualizaci&oacute;n, en la que se define el marco conceptual para la descripci&oacute;n; la s&iacute;ntesis, en la cual se procesan los datos espaciales "crudos" y se obtienen los objetos espaciales que contienen; y la descripci&oacute;n, en la que se realiza la representaci&oacute;n de los resultados de la s&iacute;ntesis en t&eacute;rminos del marco conceptual.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave: </b>sem&aacute;ntica, representaci&oacute;n, conocimiento, ontolog&iacute;as, datos espaciales raster.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/cys/v14n3/v14n3a10.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a> </font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors wish to thank to SIP Project: 20110851 and CONACYT project 106692 for their support.</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>1. Ackermann, F. (1993).</b> Automatic generation of digital elevation models. <i>Proceedings of the European Organization for Experimental Photogrammetric Research, Commission B, DTM Accuracy Meeting.</i> Southampton, United Kingdom. 231&#150;240.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=2061900&pid=S1405-5546201100010001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>2. Etzelm&uuml;ller, B. &amp; Sulebak, J. R. 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