<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1405-2768</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Polibotánica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polibotánica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1405-2768</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1405-27682026000100221</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18387/polibotanica.61.13</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Crecimiento de plántulas de Laelia autumnalis y Encyclia cordigera en función de la concentración de sacarosa y carbón activado]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Growth of Laelia autumnalis and Encyclia cordigera seedlings as a function of sucrose and activated charcoal concentration]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabañas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alia-Tejacal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iran]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Porfirio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>61</numero>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>234</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-27682026000100221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1405-27682026000100221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1405-27682026000100221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En el cultivo de tejidos vegetales se utilizan diferentes componentes para mejorar el crecimiento de las plantas; entre ellos, la adición de diferentes concentraciones de sacarosa y carbón activado a los medios de cultivo ha favorecido el crecimiento de muchas especies. La mayoría de las orquídeas presentan crecimiento lento y baja capacidad fotosintética; esto ocurre también in vitro, aunque de manera menos acentuada; por lo tanto, es necesario investigar los componentes del medio que favorecen el crecimiento de estas plantas. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de tres concentraciones de sacarosa y tres de carbón activado en el crecimiento in vitro de plantas de Laelia autumnalis y Encyclia cordigera. Se utilizaron los macro y micro nutrimentos del medio Murashige y Skoog (1962), suplementado con 0.5 mg L-1 de tiamina HCl, 100 mg L-1 de mio-inositol y tres concentraciones de sacarosa (15, 30 y 45 g L-1) en combinación con carbón activado (0, 1 y 3 g L-1). Se usó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial de tratamientos para cada especie, con 10 repeticiones y 10 plántulas por repetición para cada uno de los 9 tratamientos. En L. autumnalis, 45 g de sacarosa y 1 g de carbón activado generaron los mayores resultados para altura de plántula (31.97 mm), longitud de hoja (13.44 mm) y de raíces (8.63 cm), materia seca de planta y de raíces (6.57 y 2.65 mg, respectivamente). En E. cordigera, 45 g de sacarosa y 3 g de carbón activado, promovieron la mayor altura de la parte aérea (6.06 mm), número (5.78) y longitud de hoja (21.54 mm), número de raíces (8.02), diámetro de protocormo (3.21 mm), materia seca de plantas y raíces (27.78 y 52.92 mg, respectivamente). A mayor cantidad de sacarosa y carbón activado hubo mayor crecimiento. Se observó una menor longitud en las plantas sin la adición de carbón activado. Por lo que, para tener mayor crecimiento se sugiere cultivar in vitro las plántulas de L. autumnalis en medio MS con 45 g L-1 de sacarosa en combinación con 1 g L-1de carbón activado y las de E. cordigera en el medio MS suplementado con 45 g L-1 de sacarosa y 3 g L-1de carbón activado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In plant tissue culture, different components are used to improve plant growth; among them, the addition of different concentrations of sucrose and activated charcoal to the culture media has favored the growth of many species. Most orchids grow slowly and have low photosynthetic capacity; this also occurs in vitro, although to a lesser extent; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the environmental components that promote the growth of this plants. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of sucrose and three concentrations activated charcoal on the in vitro growth of plants of Laelia autumnalis and Encyclia cordigera. The macro and micronutrients of the medium Murashige and Skoog (1962) were used, supplemented whit 0.5 mg L-1 of thiamine HCI, 100 mg L-1 of myo-inositol and three concentration whit activated charcoal (0, 1 and 3 g L-1). A completely randomized, factorial arrangement of treatments was used for each species, whit 10 replications and 10 seedlings per replication for each of the 9 treatments. In L. autumnalis, 45 g of sucrose and 1 g of activated charcoal generated the highest results for seedling height (31.97 mm), leaf length (13.44 mm) and root length (8.63 cm), plant dry matter and root (6.57 and 2.65 mg, respectively). In E. cordigera, 45 g of sucrose and 3 g of activated charcoal promoted the highest height of the aerial part (6.06 mm), number (5.78) and leaf length (21.54 mm), number of roots (8.02), protocorm diameter (3.21 mm), plant dry matter and roots (27.78 and 52.92 mg, respectively). The greater the amount of sucrose and activated charcoal, the greater the growth. Shorter length was observed in the plants without the addition of activated charcoal. Therefore, to have greater growth, it is suggested to in vitro culture of L. autumnalis seedlings in MS medium with 45 g L-1 of sucrose in combination with 1 g L-1 of activated charcoal, and those of E. cordigera in MS medium supplemented with 45 g L-1 of sucrose and 3 g L-1 of activated charcoal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[orquídeas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbohidratos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[orchids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbohydrates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[growth]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Khateeb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of in vitro bud formation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Khanezi by different carbon sources]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresource Technology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>6550-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltazar-Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Cruz-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Mosqueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zavala-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro seed germination and acclimatization of Encyclia cordigera (Kunth) Dressler]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[South African Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<page-range>578-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baskaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayabalan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of basal media, carbon sources and growth regulators in micropropagation of Eclipta alba - a valuable medicinal herb]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Applied Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>469-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biswas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalaivanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janakiram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comprehensive scenario of orchid nutrition-a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Plant Nutrition]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>905-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Explante, meio nutritivo, luz e temperatura. Cultivo in vitro de plantas 3 a edição ampliada. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CITES</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Apéndices I, II y III: válidos desde el 7 de febrero de 2025]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbellini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. de O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noseda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[É]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of microalgae Messastrum gracile and Chlorella vulgaris on the in vitro propagation of orchid Cattleya labiata]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Phycology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>4013-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Melo Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Vasconcelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asymbiotic germination, multiplication and development of Alatiglossum fuscopetalum (Orchidaceae) as affected by culture medium, sucrose and growth regulators]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iheringia - Serie Botánica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>DOF</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modificación del anexo normativo III, lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, protección ambiental-Especies nativas de México de la flora y fauna silvestre-Categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio-Lista de especies en riesgo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Federación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endres Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasamori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro propagation of Anathallis adenochila (Loefgr.) F. Barros (Orchidaceae), a species endemic to southern and southeastern Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botanica Brasilica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>489-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influência de diferentes concentrações de carvão ativado no crescimento e enraizamento in vitro de Cattleya pumila Hook]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Em Agronegocio e Meio Ambiente]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>551-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagsater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Icones Orchidacearum]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halbinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Laelias of Mexico]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>15-160</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Herbario AMO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heriansyah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiplikasi embrio somatis tanaman anggrek (Dendrobium sp) dengan pemberian kinetin dan sukrosa secara in-vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>67-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedraza-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guillén-Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Téllez-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenotypic characterization of Mexican orchid Laelia autumnalis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Horticulturae]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>977</volume>
<page-range>254-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chapter 4: Micropropagation of Orchids through leaf culture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SERBD Books In vitro culture of commercial flowering Plants: Orchids]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>31-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Son]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of altering medium strength and sucrose concentration on in vitro germination and seedling growth of Cypripedium macranthos Sw]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Plant Biotechnology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>132-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of sucrose induced osmotic stress on callus growth and biochemical aspects of two wheat genotypes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pakistan Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1487-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karimah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kusmiyati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anwar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pengaruh penggunaan sukrosa dan iba terhadap induksi akar eksplan tunas anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) secara in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AGROTEK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pertanian]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>34-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Acanthera prolifera (Orchidaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[South African Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<page-range>83-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inokuti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V. da]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cultivo seminífero in vitro de Cyrtopodium cardiochilum: influência de concentrações de carvão ativado, sacarose e sais do meio Suprimento (S)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caderno Pedagógico]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trehalose metabolism in plants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Journal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. M. O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inclusion of organic components in culture medium to improve the in vitro propagation of Cattleya warscewiczii and Cattleya gaskelliana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[South African Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>148</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Huerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regeneración in vitro de plantas de Prosthechea vitellina (Lindley) W. E. Higging por organogenesis directa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza-Padrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cultivo de tejidos vegetales y su aplicación en productos naturales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en plantas de importancia médica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>351-410</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murashige]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physiologia Plantarum]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>473-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paiva Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. B. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. de O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boaretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrezan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. de A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benetão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro behaviour of Aspasia variegata, an epiphytic orchid from the Brazilian Cerrado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciência Rural]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2178-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efecto del carbón activado, ácido indolacético (AIA) y bencil amino purina (BAP) en el desarrollo de protocormos de Epidendrum elongatum Jacq bajo condiciones in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Biotecnologia]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrío]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomía de la raíz de Encyclia cordigera (Kunth) Dressler (Orchidaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Unellez de Ciencia y Tecnología]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>58-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzate-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piña-Escutia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fuentes de sacarosa y nitrógeno orgánico influyen en la embriogénesis somática de Agave angustifolia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1508-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rittirat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thammasiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Te-chato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of media and sucrose concentrations with or without activated charcoal on the plantlet growth of P. cornu-cervi (Breda) Blume &amp; Rchb.f]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural Technology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2077-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rohmah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taratima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effective protocol for rapid and mass micropropagation of Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. protocorms using different carbohydrate and plant growth regulator]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research Article Science Technology and Engineering Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>35-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. A. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrientos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de diferentes medios de cultivo in vitro en el desarrollo de híbridos de Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>97-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasamori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endres Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Asymbiotic culture of Cattleya intermedia Graham (Orchidaceae): The influence of macronutrient salts and sucrose concentrations on survival and development of plantlets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botanica Brasilica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>292-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sedano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roldán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Propagación in vitro de orquídeas y otras ornamentales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>451-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abedini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plantas de probeta: Manual para la propagación de plantas por cultivo de tejidos in vitro]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>240</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de la Plata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Glucose: Sweet or bitter effects in plants-a review on current and future perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbohydrate Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>487</volume>
<page-range>107884</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sipayung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sipayung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulaiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinombing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandangan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of activated charcoal dose and benzyl amino purine concentration on the growth of orchid plantlets in murashige and skoog media in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>205</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>012025</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview of sucrose synthases in plants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Plant Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>95</numero>
<issue>95</issue>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of activated charcoal in plant tissue culture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotechnology Advances]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>618-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Datta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boonkorkaew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of different media, sucrose concentrations and natural additives on plantlet growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid &#8220;pink.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physiological diversity of orchids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Diversity]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>196-208</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
