1026-8774

S1026-87742025000200060

10.22201/igc.20072902e.2025.2.1857

Peru

Canada

00 00 2025

42 2 60 72

2020 121

Artisanal Gold Council 2017

Artisanal Gold Council 2022

1999

2017

Qingdao, China

2016 79

301-15

2011

2021 8 1 1

331-9

1996

2020 32 2 2

232-44

1991

83-6

2023 3 4 4

618-44

1999

2009

Observatorio Nacional de Política Criminal United States Agency for International Development 2021

2012 29 1 1

1-5

2020 256

2003

1957

2020 189

2010 18 16-17 16-17

1757-66

2007 35 11 11

979-82

2017

2020 189

2019 9 7 7

1999 94 5 5

615-34