<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-893X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educación química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-893X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-893X2023000300196</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fq.18708404e.2023.3.80171</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Pierre Oscar Figuier]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wisniak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Beer-Sheva ]]></addr-line>
<country>Israel</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>196</fpage>
<lpage>206</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-893X2023000300196&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-893X2023000300196&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-893X2023000300196&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Pierre Oscar Figuier (1759-1817), farmacéutico francés cuya principal contribución fue el descubrimiento del uso de carbón vegetal para blanquear sustancias inorgánicas y orgánicas. Figuier también realizó un trabajo sustancial sobre la química del oro, la síntesis de muchos de sus compuestos, particularmente una sal triple de cloruro de oro y cloruro de sodio. Determinó la composición de los garbanzos y del cardo estrellado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Pierre Oscar Figuier (1759-1817), a French pharmacist whose main contribution was the discovery of using animal charcoal for bleaching inorganic and organic substances. Figuier also carried substantial work on the chemistry of gold, the synthesis of many of its compounds, particularly a triple salt of gold chloride and sodium chloride. He determined the composition of purple thistle and chickpeas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Blanqueo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cardo estrellado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[compuestos de oro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[garbanzos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chickpeas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discoloring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gold compounds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[purple star thistle]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boullay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Note Biographique sur. M. Figuier. Professor à l&#8217;École de Pharmacie de Montpellier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1817</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>286-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Figuier, Pierre (1759-1817)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revue d&#8217;Histoire de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>347</numero>
<issue>347</issue>
<page-range>451-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chrestien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.-J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la Méthode Iatraleptique, ou Observations Pratiques sur l&#8217;Administration des Remèdes à l&#8217;Extérieur dans le Traitement des Maladies Internes et Externes]]></source>
<year>1811</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crochard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An Essay on the Cure of Abscesses by Caustic, and on the Treatment of Wounds and Ulcer, also a New Method of Curing the Lues Venerea]]></source>
<year>1779</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cadell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deyeux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mémoire sur les Filets ou Poils qui Recouvrent toute la Plante qui Produit le Cicer Arietinum (Pois Chiche), et Examen Chimique de la Liqueur que des Poils Laissent Exsuder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de Physique]]></source>
<year>1798</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>363-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dispan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sur l&#8217;Acide des Pois Chiches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1799</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>179-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duportal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelletier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mémoire sur quelques Préparations d&#8217;Or Récemment Employées en Médecine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1811</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>38-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Les Merveilles de l&#8217;Industrie]]></source>
<year>1860</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Jouvet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pierre Figuier et la Découverte des Propriétés Décolorantes du Noir Animal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Moniteur Scientifique]]></source>
<year>1895</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>5-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations sur le Hydrosulfure de Soude, et sur le Perfectionnement à Apporter dans la Préparation de la Soude du Commerce]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1807</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>59-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Examen Chimique de la Chausse-Trape]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1809</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>193-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Examen Chimique des Pois-Chiches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1809</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>529-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analyse des Eaux Minérales de Balaruc]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1809</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>5-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analyse des Eaux d&#8217;Ussat]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1810</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>198-215</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations sur les Préparations d&#8217;Or Proposées par le Dr. Chrestien]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1811</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>105-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mémoires sur la Décoloration du Vinaigre, et Nouveau Procédé pour Décolorer cet Acide, et autres Liquides Végétaux par le Charbon Animal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bull. Pharm.]]></source>
<year>1811</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>307-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Établissement d&#8217;Eaux Minérale Artificielles]]></source>
<year>1812</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montpellier ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ricard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations sur les Préparations du Sel de Seignette et du Phosphate de Soude]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1812</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>145-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations on the Hydrosulphide de Soda. Improving the Préparation of the Soda of the Shops]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nicholson Journal]]></source>
<year>1812</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>71-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations sur la Préparation de l&#8217;Acétate de Potasse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1813</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>407-11</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montpellier ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tournel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sur la Précipitation de l&#8217;Oxide d&#8217;Or par la Potasse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1816</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>101-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nouvelles Observations sur la Précipitation de l&#8217;Oxide d&#8217;Or par la Potasse et sur l&#8217;Administration du Muriate Triple d&#8217;Or et de Soude]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1816</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>241-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expériences sur la Décoloration de quelques Liquides Végétaux]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1818</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>64-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procédé pour Obtenir le Muriate Triple d&#8217;Or, et de Soude Cristallisé]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1820</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>64-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations sur le Chlorure d&#8217;Or et de Sodium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]]></source>
<year>1821</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>177-1833</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figuier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observations sur le Chlorure d&#8217;Or et de Sodium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal de Pharmacie]]></source>
<year>1822</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>157-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowitz]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mémoire sur la Dépuration de l&#8217;Eau Corrompue]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1793</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>88-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberkampf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sur Diverses Combinaisons de l&#8217;Or]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1811</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>140-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vauquelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sur la Présence du Malate de Chaux dans Plusieurs Genres de Plantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1800</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>153-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vauquelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expériences sur quelques Préparations d&#8217;Or]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annales de Chimie]]></source>
<year>1811</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>321-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
