<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista fitotecnia mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. fitotec. mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-73802026000100091</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35196/rfm.2026.1.91</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Morfogénesis in vitro de Stanhopea maculosa, Stanhopea martiana y Stanhopea tigrina por organogénesis directa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In vitro Morphogenesis of Stanhopea maculosa, Stanhopea martiana and Stanhopea tigrina by direct Organogenesis]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallegos-Venegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Omar Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[G. López-Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ma. Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eleodoro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Huerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Unidad Regional Universitaria Sur Sureste ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Teapa Tabasco]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>91</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-73802026000100091&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-73802026000100091&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-73802026000100091&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Stanhopea es un género de orquídeas con 55 especies, únicas del continente americano, y México es el segundo lugar en diversidad. Algunas especies están amenazadas, pues la dimensión, forma y aroma de sus flores mantienen el constante interés de colectarlas. Su estudio, conservación y multiplicación es posible mediante el uso de las técnicas del cultivo de tejidos vegetales in vitro. En esta investigación se evaluó la capacidad morfogénica in vitro de Stanhopea maculosa, S. martiana y S. tigrina por organogénesis directa. Semillas de cápsulas cerradas desinfectadas se germinaron in vitro en medio de Murashige y Skoog (MS) 50 %. En la inducción de brotes se colocaron plántulas sin raíz en medio MS 50 y 100 % con 6-benciladenina (BA, 11.36-22.72 µM), ácido 1-naftalenacético (ANA, 1.39 µM) y ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D, 1.39 µM). En la multiplicación de brotes se depositaron brotes en MS 50 % con BA (10.04-28.40 µM), ANA (1.39 µM) y 2,4-D (1.39 µM). Para el alargamiento de brotes se pusieron brotes en MS 50 y 100 %, carbón activado (CA, 0.5 mg L-1) y ácido giberélico (AG3, 1.4-5.6 µM). Para enraizar in vitro se colocaron los brotes en MS 50 % con ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB, 2.46-10.0 µM), ácido indol-3-acético (AIA, 2.46-10.0 µM) y ANA (2.46-10.0 µM). En la inducción se obtuvieron 2.16 brotes en S. maculosa en MS (100 %) con 11.36 µM de BA y 1.36 µM de ANA, 2.50 brotes en S. martiana y 2.83 brotes en S. tigrina ambas en MS 50 % con 22.72 µM de BA y 1.36 µM de ANA. En la multiplicación S. maculosa produjo 2.6 brotes y S. martiana 5.0 brotes, ambas en medio MS 50 % con 22.72 µM de BA y 1.36 µM de 2,4-D y S. tigrina 5.0 brotes en medio MS 50 % con 11.36 µM de BA. En el alargamiento S. maculosa alcanzó 1.33 cm en MS 50 % con 4.2 µM de AG3, mientras que S. martiana y S. tigrina obtuvieron una longitud de 2.82 cm y 2.42 cm, respectivamente, en medio MS 50 %. En el enraizamiento in vitro se obtuvieron 3.95 raíces por brote en S. maculosa en medio MS 50 % con 10.0 µM de AIB, en S. martiana 5.25 raíces con 2.46 µM de AIB y en S. tigrina 8.75 raíces con 4.96 µM de AIB. Esta investigación brinda las bases para la propagación in vitro del género Stanhopea.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary Stanhopea is a genus of orchids with 55 species exclusive to the Americas, with Mexico ranking as the second most diverse country. Some species are threatened as their floral dimension, shape and aroma maintain constant interest in collecting them. The study on their conservation and propagation can be achieved using in vitro culture techniques. This research evaluated the in vitro morphogenic capacity of Stanhopea maculosa, S. martiana and S. tigrina by direct organogenesis. Seeds from closed, disinfected capsules were germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium 50 %. At shoot induction, rootless seedlings were cultured in MS 50 and 100 % with 6-benzyladenine (BA, 11.36-22.72 µM), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 1.39 µM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.39 µM). Shoot multiplication was achieved in MS 50 % with BA (10.04-28.40 µM), NAA (1.39 µM) and 2,4-D (1.39 µM). For shoot elongation, shoots were placed in MS 50 and 100 %, activated charcoal (AC, 0.5 mg L-1) and gibberellic acid (GA&#8323;, 1.4-5.6 µM). For in vitro rooting, shoots were placed in MS 50 % with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 2.46-10.0 µM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2.46-10.0 µM) and NAA (2.46-10.0 µM). At the induction, 2.16 shoots were obtained in S. maculosa cultured in MS 100 % with 11.36 µM BA and 1.36 µM NAA, 2.50 shoots in S. martiana, and 2.83 shoots in S. tigrina with MS 50 % with 22.72 µM BA and 1.36 µM NAA. In shoot multiplication, S. maculosa produced 2.6 shoots and S. martiana 5.0 shoots, both in MS 50 % with 22.72 µM BA and 1.36 µM 2,4-D, and S. tigrina 5.0 shoots in MS 50 % with 11.36 µM BA. In shoot elongation S. maculosa reached 1.33 cm in MS 50 % with 4.2 µM GA&#8323;, while S. martiana and S. tigrina obtained a length of 2.82 and 2.42 cm, respectively, in MS 50 % medium. In vitro rooting produced 3.95 roots in S. maculosa with 10.0 µM IBA, 5.25 roots in S. martiana with 2.46 µM IBA, and 8.75 roots in S. tigrina with 4.96 µM IBA. These research provides the basis for in vitro propagation of the genus Stanhopea.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Stanhopea maculosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[S. martiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[S. tigrina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivo in vitro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[organogénesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stanhopea maculosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[S. martiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[S. tigrina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[in vitro culture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organogenesis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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