<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3929</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Relaciones. Estudios de historia y sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relac. Estud. hist. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3929</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de Michoacán]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-39292020000300082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24901/rehs.v41i163.609</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anteojos y su disponibilidad en la Ciudad de México durante el porfiriato]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Eyeglasses and their Availability in Mexico City during the Porfiriato]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>163</numero>
<fpage>82</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-39292020000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-39292020000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-39292020000300082&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue reconocer a los prescriptores de anteojos, su procedencia y manera de atención hacia la sociedad citadina mexicana, así como la diversidad de modelos, origen y disponibilidad de este recurso de ayuda visual, aspecto hasta ahora abordado. El personal dedicado fueron los &#8220;ópticos&#8221;, de nacionalidad extranjera que atendían en espacio físico independiente y algunos por tiempo limitado. La variedad de anteojos oftálmicos era reducida y por sus características eran de tipo ordinario y en menor proporción refinado, la minoría exhibía lentes obscuros y se ofertaban en establecimientos públicos denominados &#8220;mercerías&#8221;; otro tipo fue el de protección, todos de origen extranjero. El uso de anteojos se circunscribía a sujetos que requerían excelente agudeza visual y protección para realizar sus actividades, y capacidad económica para su adquisición.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the role of prescribers of eyeglasses in 19th- and 20th-century Mexico City, their origins, and how they attended the city&#8217;s residents. It addresses little-studied aspects of this visual aid resource like the diversity of models, their origins, and availability. The personnel devoted to this trade were &#8220;opticians&#8221; of foreign nationality who received clients in independent physical spaces, some for only short periods. The variety of ophthalmic spectacles available was limited, and their characteristics show mostly ordinary types with few more refined prescriptions. In addition, limited models of dark lenses were offered in public establishments called &#8220;haberdasheries&#8221;. Another type was protective eyewear, but all were of foreign origin. The use of glasses was limited to people who required excellent visual acuity and protection to carry out their activities and had the economic capacity to purchase them.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anteojos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ópticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[porfiriato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[siglos XIX-XX]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Eyeglasses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[optics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lenses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Porfiriato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[19th-20th centuries]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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