<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3880</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias marinas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. mar]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3880</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-38802015000200157</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7773/cm.v41i2.2484</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Water-air carbon fluxes in the coastal upwelling zone off northern Baja California]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Flujos de carbono agua-aire en la zona de surgencias costeras frente al norte de Baja California]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Rubén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Borrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazán-Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Cruz-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ensenada Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) Departamento de Ecología Marina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ensenada Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>168</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-38802015000200157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-38802015000200157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-38802015000200157&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[An important challenge in marine science is to quantify the air-sea flux of carbon because of its possible relation to climate change and the decreasing pH in seawater. In coastal areas of Mexico, the magnitude and variability of carbon fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere is almost completely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the variability of air-sea carbon fluxes in the upwelling system off northern Baja California. A one-year time series of carbon fluxes was generated from data on partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) from an oceanographic buoy installed immediately south of Punta Banda (Ensenada, Baja California), which measured salinity, temperature, and pCO2 in the water (pCO2water) and air (pCO2air) every 3 h during 2009. The study area presented several upwelling events with low sea surface temperatures (&#8804;14 ºC), salinity &lt;34.0, and high values of pCO2water, which resulted in an export of excess CO2 in the water to the atmosphere, identifying the area as a temporary source of CO2. In contrast, during the relaxation of upwelling, low values of pCO2water and intermediate surface temperatures resulted in the sea acting as a sink for CO2. The average daily flux was 0.6 ± 0.11 mmol C m-2 in winter, 2.8 ± 0.27 mmol C m-2 in spring, 0.3 ± 0.11 mmol C m-2 in summer, and -0.3 ± 0.03 mmol C m-2 in autumn, the positive sign indicating fluxes from the water to the air and vice versa. The annual balance of CO2 fluxes was 0.3 ± 0.06 mol C m-2 yr-1; thus, the system turned out to be a net source of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Cuantificar los flujos mar-atmósfera de carbono es un reto ambiental importante por su posible relación con el cambio climático y la disminución del pH del mar. En las zonas costeras de México se desconoce casi totalmente la magnitud y la variabilidad de los flujos de carbono entre el océano y la atmósfera. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la variabilidad de los flujos de carbono en el sistema de surgencias frente a Baja California norte. Los flujos de carbono se estimaron de una serie de tiempo de la presión parcial de bióxido de carbono (pCO2) generada a través de una boya oceanográfica instalada inmediatamente al sur de punta Banda, (Ensenada, Baja California), la cual medía salinidad, temperatura y pCO2 en el agua (pCO2agua) y el aire (pCO2aire), cada 3 h durante 2009. La zona de estudio presentó varios eventos de surgencias, con temperaturas superficiales del mar bajas (&#8804;14 ºC), salinidad &lt;34.0 y valores altos de pCO2agua, cuyo resultado fue una exportación del exceso de CO2 en el agua hacia la atmósfera, identificando dicha zona como una fuente temporal de CO2. Por el contrario, durante el relajamiento de las surgencias, se registraron valores bajos de pCO2agua y temperaturas superficiales intermedias, con el mar como sumidero de CO2. El flujo promedio diario en invierno fue de 0.6 ± 0.11 mmol C m-2, en primavera de 2.8 ± 0.27 mmol C m-2, en verano de 0.3 ± 0.11 mmol C m-2 y en otoño de -0.3 ± 0.03 mmol C m-2, donde el signo positivo significa flujos del agua al aire y vice versa. El balance anual de los flujos de CO2 fue de 0.3 ± 0.06 mol C m-2 año-1; esto es, el sistema resultó ser una fuente neta de CO2 del océano a la atmósfera.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coastal zone]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[upwelling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[North Pacific]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[flujos de carbono mar-atmósfera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zona costera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[surgencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pacífico Norte]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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