<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16672025000200140</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fe.01851667p.2025.332.89399</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos del trabajo por cuenta propia en los tipos de pobreza en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of self-employment on types of poverty in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio Novela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Librado González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moisés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Facultad de Economía y Relaciones Internacionales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UABC Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>332</numero>
<fpage>140</fpage>
<lpage>169</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16672025000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16672025000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16672025000200140&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es medir el efecto del trabajo por cuenta propia en la condición de pobreza por entidad federativa en México de 2008 a 2020. La premisa es que el trabajo por cuenta propia, entre otros, es un mecanismo utilizado por personas con dificultades para subsistir con los salarios de mercado. Para ello, se desarrolla un modelo panel de datos en función del trabajo por cuenta propia, con estimaciones para tres tipos de pobreza: simple, moderada y extrema. Los hallazgos exhiben un impacto diferenciado según dimensión de pobreza, en donde existe un mayor efecto en el tipo simple, después en la moderada y al final en la extrema. Los resultados presentan relevancia estadística en la mayoría de las estimaciones, excepto en la estimación de pobreza extrema durante el periodo con inestabilidad económica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to measure the effects of self-employment in poverty conditions in Mexico&#8217;s federal entities from 2008 to 2020. Following the assumption, that self-employment is, among other things, a mechanism used by people with difficulties supporting themselves with market wages. A panel data model as a function of self-employment is developed for three types of poverty: Simple, moderate and extreme. Findings show a differentiated impact according to the different poverty levels, where simple level has the greatest effect, followed by moderate level and finally extreme level. Self-employment income shows statistical significance in most estimates, except in the estimate of extreme poverty during the period with economic instability.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trabajo por cuenta propia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emprendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-employment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic development]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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