<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462022000200094</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/108495</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hipoventilación alveolar crónica en pacientes pediátricos a altitud moderada]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chronic hypoventilation in pediatric patients at moderate altitude]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pesántez-Abril]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángela Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alva-Chaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas-Schacht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Pediatría  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>94</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462022000200094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462022000200094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462022000200094&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  La hipoventilación alveolar crónica se define como la condición clínica por aumento de la PaCO2 con cifras de pH normal, a nivel del mar &#8805; 45 mmHg y en Ciudad de México (2,200 msnm) &#8805; 38 mmHg, esto último debido a la disminución de la presión parcial y alveolar de oxígeno por descenso de la presión barométrica. La altitud genera aumento del trabajo respiratorio, incremento del volumen/minuto para mantener una PO2 adecuada, eliminando CO2, lo que impacta negativamente el control ventilatorio en pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas.  Objetivo:  Describir las principales características de los pacientes pediátricos con hipoventilación alveolar crónica a altitud moderada.  Material y métodos:  Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo en pacientes de cero a 18 años de edad en el período de 2007 a 2020 atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México.  Resultados:  Se encontraron 17 pacientes con hipoventilación alveolar crónica con una mediana de edad de seis años, en 58.82% de los casos la etiología fue periférica; los síntomas diurnos más frecuentes fueron cansancio e irritabilidad (41.2%) y entre los síntomas nocturnos el ronquido (41.2%) y pausas respiratorias (29.4%). En 41.2% se utilizó algún tipo de dispositivo de ventilación no invasiva (VNI); se observó disminución de complicaciones y sintomatología al año de seguimiento tanto en los grupos con y sin VNI, aunque sin significancia estadística.  Conclusiones:  Se estableció que las principales causas son las periféricas; a pesar de que la VNI demostró beneficios, su utilización se registró en menos de la mitad de los casos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  Chronic alveolar hypoventilation is defined as the clinical condition by increased PaCO2 with normal pH Figures; at sea level &#8805; 45 mmHg and in Mexico City (2200 masl) &#8805; 38 mmHg, the latter due to a decrease in the partial and alveolar pressure of oxygen due to a drop in barometric pressure. Altitude generates increased work of breathing, increased volume/minute to maintain adequate PO2, eliminating CO2, negatively impacting ventilatory control in patients with chronic lung diseases.  Objective:  To describe the main characteristics of pediatric patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation at moderate altitude.  Material and methods:  Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, in patients from zero to 18 years of age in the period 2007 to 2020 treated at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City.  Results:  17 patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation were found, with a median age of 6 years, in 58.82% of cases the etiology was peripheral; the most frequent daytime symptoms were tiredness and irritability (41.2%) and among the nocturnal symptoms were snoring (41.2%) and respiratory pauses (29.4%). In 41.2% some type of non-invasive ventilation device (NIV) was used; decrease in complications and symptoms was observed after one year of follow-up in both the groups with and without NIV; although without statistical significance.  Conclusions:  It was established that the main causes are peripheral, although NIV showed benefits, its use was recorded in less than half of the cases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipoventilación alveolar crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manifestaciones clínicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación no invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[evolución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[complicaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chronic alveolar hypoventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clinical manifestations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[non-invasive ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[evolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[complications]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Randerath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic hypoventilation syndromes and sleep-related hypoventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Thorac Dis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1273-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guyton y Hall. Tratado de fisiología médica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>13ra</edition>
<page-range>465-7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[país ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hipoventilación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Médica Colomb]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic hypoventilation and its management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir Rev]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>129</numero>
<issue>129</issue>
<page-range>325-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Zorrilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alejandre-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano-Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Fraga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo-alduenda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hallazgos polisomnográficos en niños con síndrome de Prader-Willi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neumol Cir Torax]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>132-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNicholas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sleep in chronic respiratory disease: COPD and hypoventilation disorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>153</numero>
<issue>153</issue>
<page-range>190064</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Peña Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hipoventilación alveolar, apnea central del sueño y respiración de Cheyne-Stokes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neumomadrid]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>59-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepherd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypoventilation Syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Pulmonol Rep]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>82-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ANAM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilación domiciliaria no invasiva a presión positiva en hipoventilación alveolar crónica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina (B Aires)]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>0351</numero>
<issue>0351</issue>
<page-range>545-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kruitwagen-van Reenen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kruithof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using patient-reported symptoms of dyspnea for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with motor neuron diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>267</volume>
<page-range>3310-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Med]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Bermejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sleep hypoventilation diagnostic considerations and technological limitations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Sleep Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>301-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Combs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shetty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parthasarathy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in positive airway pressure treatment modalities for hypoventilation syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sleep Med Clin]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>315-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orlikowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chevret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Libr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera Galan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas Gordillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela Mateos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilación mecánica no invasiva]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neumosur]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>167-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de la hipoventilación relacionada con el sueño según diferentes criterios diagnósticos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Neumol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>20-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State of the art review: Chronic alveolar hypoventilation: A review for the clinician]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sleep]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>617-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dehaan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prabhjot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bendiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmalz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Longitudinal changes in clinical characteristics and outcomes for children using long-term non-invasive ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[B, Boffa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desguerre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estournet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term noninvasive mechanical ventilation for children at home: a national survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Pulmonol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>119-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selvadurai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keilty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcome of children with neuromuscular disease admitted to pediatric intensive care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Dis Child]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>170-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espínola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parellada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Original Síndrome de obesidad-hipoventilación y factores asociados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McArdle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhaliwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douglas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patterns of use, survival and prognostic factors in patients receiving home mechanical ventilation in Western Australia: A single centre historical cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chronic Respiratory Disease]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>356-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome in otherwise healthy children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Pulmonol]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>403-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Licht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[William]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tonsillar hypertrophy in an adult with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>872-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Battistini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alveolar hypoventilation due to adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv Otorhinolaryngol]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>276-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berry-kravis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvestri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Facial phenotype in children and young adults with PHOX2B - determined congenital central hypoventilation syndrome : quantitative pattern of dysmorphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Res]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sriram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of hypoventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Respir Crit Care Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>303-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fauroux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanzeray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaddeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-invasive ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>482</numero>
<issue>482</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simpser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical pediatrics alveolar hypoventilation and Cor pulmonale associated with chronic airway obstruction in infants with down syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Pediatr (Phila)]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>25-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The clinical characteristics and hospital and post-hospital survival of patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome : analysis of a large cohort]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obes Sci Pract]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>40-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Held]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walthelm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Functional impact of pulmonary hypertension due to hypoventilation and changes under noninvasive ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>156-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paglietti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esposito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cutrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bignamini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long term non-invasive ventilation in children with central hypoventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>288</numero>
<issue>288</issue>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcevoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catcheside]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nocturnal non-invasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD : a randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>561-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzgerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcome of noninvasive ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>198-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
