<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8402</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ensayos. Revista de economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ens. Rev. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8402</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, a través de la Facultad de Economía con la colaboración del Centro de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-84022025000200125</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29105/ensayos44.2-1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Índice de igualdad regional en instituciones y empresariado para México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Regional equality index in institutions and entrepreneurship for Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Germán-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>158</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-84022025000200125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-84022025000200125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-84022025000200125&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo  Este estudio desarrolla un índice integral para medir la igualdad regional en el desempeño institucional y empresarial de México, pilares fundamentales del desarrollo económico.  Método  Se adapta la metodología de medición de la igualdad de género de las Naciones Unidas para construir un índice multidimensional que incorpore variables jurídicas, normativas, políticas, económicas y sociales en el periodo 2002-2021.  Resultados  El índice temporal resultante capta eficazmente las variaciones de rendimiento institucional y empresarial entre las regiones mexicanas. Nuestro análisis revela una fuerte relación positiva entre el índice y el desarrollo regional: las regiones con mayor calidad institucional y empresarial muestran sistemáticamente resultados superiores en materia de ingresos.  Limitaciones  El periodo de estudio de 20 años sigue siendo relativamente limitado, y los resultados cuantitativos pueden variar en función de las variables que se seleccionen como pilares básicos del desarrollo económico.  Principales hallazgos  Los estados mexicanos muestran una convergencia gradual hacia la igualdad en el desempeño institucional y empresarial, aunque este progreso ha sido lento y experimentó retrocesos notables a partir de 2018. La persistente heterogeneidad en el desarrollo de los sistemas institucionales y empresariales regionales limita el potencial de desarrollo económico general de México.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective  This study develops a comprehensive indicator to measure regional equality in Mexico's institutional and business performance, which are fundamental pillars of economic development.  Method  We adapt the United Nations methodology for gender equality measurement to construct a multidimensional index incorporating legal, regulatory, political, economic, and social variables spanning 2002-2021.  Results  The resulting temporal index effectively captures institutional and business performance variations across Mexican regions. Our analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between the index and regional development: regions with higher institutional and business quality consistently demonstrate superior income outcomes.  Limitations  The 20-year study period remains relatively constrained, and quantitative findings may vary depending on which variables are selected as core economic development pillars.  Main findings  Mexican states exhibit a gradual convergence toward equality in institutional and business performance, though this progress has been slow and experienced notable reversals beginning in 2018. The persistent heterogeneity in regional institutional and business system development constrains Mexico's overall economic development potential.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[instituciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empresariado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de igualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[H00]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[M21]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O11]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[R11]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institutions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[equality index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[H00]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[M21]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O11]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[R11]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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