<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-6655</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análisis económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anál. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-6655</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-66552019000100095</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Rendimientos a escala en la industria farmacéutica mundial: La importancia de la evaluación de los gastos en fusiones y adquisiciones, 2012-2017]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Returns to scale in the global pharmaceutical industry: The importance of the evaluation of spending in mergers and acquisitions, 2012-2017]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios Nequis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric Israel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaí]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Hidalgo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>85</numero>
<fpage>95</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-66552019000100095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-66552019000100095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-66552019000100095&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El artículo plantea que los gastos causados por una fusión y/o adquisición (reestructuración) son relevantes en el análisis de los rendimientos a escala (función de producción Cobb- Douglas). Los resultados del trabajo indican que los rendimientos a escala son crecientes, enfatizando que los gastos de reestructuración tienen una importancia equiparable a otras partidas como los gastos en investigación y desarrollo (I+D) y los otros gastos operacionales, las cuales son analizados en la literatura. Se concluye que la innovación no solamente es interna (in house), ya que la innovación externa es una alternativa para adquirir los derechos de patentes a costos más accesibles y con un menor riesgo que es originado en el proceso de innovación y así obtener opciones adicionales de ventaja competitiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The research explains that the expenses caused by a merger and / or acquisition are relevant in the analysis of returns to scale (Cobb-Douglas production function). The results of the research indicate that the returns to scale that are growing, emphasizing that they have an importance comparable to other items such as the expenses in research and development (R &amp; D) and the other operational expenses, which are analyzed in the literature. It is concluded that innovation is not only internal (in house), since external innovation is an alternative to acquire patent rights at more accessible costs and with a lower risk that is originated in the process of innovation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[función de producción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimientos a escala]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[productividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adquisiciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[L23]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D00]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[L10]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[production function]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scale returns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acquisitions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[L23]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D00]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[L10]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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