2448-6221 2448-6221 S2448-62212020000200107 10.22201/iia.24486221e.2020.2.69404 Venezuela Ecuador 00 12 2020 00 12 2020 54 2 107 114

2005 2009 4 3 3 14-20 2007 8 1-15 2009 11 1 1 73-88 2010 10 564-7 1996 2012 2015 129 2014 10 1 1 1-24 Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) 2013 2008 2001 37 37 1988 16 3 3 1974 76 2 2 379-90 2012 2010 8 13 13 25-9 1993 2006 161 60-3 2014 1987 4 4 4 406-25 2000 72 1 1 155-77 2005 17 4 4 451-9