<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-7459</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Horizonte sanitario]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Horiz. sanitario]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-7459</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-74592024000200253</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19136/hs.a23n2.5828</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patrones geoespaciales de la dinámica temporal del covid-19 y sus determinantes sociales en Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Geospatial patterns of the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 and its social determinants in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamizo García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Horacio Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso Ubieta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Suyén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quirós Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lilliam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Medicina Escuela de Tecnologías en Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro de Montes de Oca San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro de Montes de Oca San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro de Montes de Oca San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y el Mar Escuela de Ciencias Geográficas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro de Montes de Oca San José]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>253</fpage>
<lpage>262</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-74592024000200253&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-74592024000200253&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-74592024000200253&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  Se analizan los patrones geoespaciales de la dinámica temporal de la incidencia de casos de covid-19 en Costa Rica, entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2022 y explicarlos desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) en el contexto territorial, particularizando de manera comparativa, en dos períodos de tiempo o crestas epidémicas.  Materiales y métodos:  Se realizó un estudio ecológico a partir del conteo de semanas hasta alcanzar el máximo reporte de casos durante la primera y la cuarta cresta de la epidemia. Fueron diseñados cartogramas para identificar y analizar los patrones geoespaciales y se construyeron modelos explicativos de regresión de Poisson y de Regresión Geográficamente Ponderada (GWR).  Resultados:  Se identificó conglomerados geoespaciales calientes de alta dinámica temporal de incidencia de casos, así como conglomerados fríos, que evidencia el papel del territorio. Los modelos de regresión señalaron como factores explicativos en la primera cresta epidémica a la densidad poblacional, el hacinamiento de la vivienda por dormitorio, la conexión a internet y el porcentaje de población mayor de 65 años. En la cuarta cresta se identificó la importancia predictiva del desarrollo social territorial en su dimensión económica y el posible papel de otros factores como la movilidad poblacional en zonas costeras del país.  Conclusiones:  La dinámica temporal de la epidemia de covid-19, hasta mayo del 2022, se configuró espacialmente en conglomerados de puntos calientes y fríos determinados socialmente. Los efectos de los DSS sobre la dinámica temporal varían territorialmente y deben ser comprendidos geográficamente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  The geospatial patterns of the temporal dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19 cases in Costa Rica are analyzed between March 2020 and May 2022, and explained from the perspective of the social determinants of health (DSS) in the territorial context, particularizing comparatively, in two periods of time or epidemic crests.  Materials and methods:  An ecological study was carried out over counting weeks until the maximum case report was reached during the first and fourth peaks of the epidemic. Cartograms were designed to identify and analyze geospatial patterns, and explanatory Poisson regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were built.  Results:  Hot geospatial clusters with high temporal dynamics of case incidence were identified, as well as cold clusters, which evidence the role of the territory. The regression models indicated explanatory factors in the first epidemic peak, such as population density, overcrowding of housing per bedroom, internet connection, and the percentage of the population over 65 years of age. In the fourth crest, the predictive importance of territorial social development in its economic dimension and the possible role of other factors, such as population mobility in coastal areas of the country, were identified.  Conclusions:  the temporal dynamics of the covid-19 epidemic, until May 2022, was spatially configured in clusters of socially determined hot and cold spots. The effects of DSS on temporal dynamics vary territorially and must be understood geographically.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones por coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudios ecológicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Geografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Determinantes sociales de la salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coronavirus infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecological studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Geography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social determinants of health]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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