<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-5057</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación en educación médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación educ. médica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-5057</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-50572025000100008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fm.20075057e.2025.53.23595</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Construcción y validación de un instrumento de aptitud clínica en lactancia materna en pregrado]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Construction and validation of an instrument of clinical aptitude in breastfeeding in medical students]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Treviño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denisse Aideé]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobos-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Monterrey Vicerrectoría Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro Garza García N. L.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Christus Muguerza Departamento de Educación e Investigación en Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Pedro Garza García N. L.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Panamericano de Estudios Superiores  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mor.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>53</numero>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-50572025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-50572025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-50572025000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  La aptitud clínica en el amamantamiento no se ha estudiado en pregrado. Actualmente no se cuenta con instrumentos para su medición.  Objetivo:  Construir y validar un instrumento para medir la aptitud clínica sobre lactancia materna en estudiantes de medicina.  Método:  Se construyó y validó un instrumento con cinco casos clínicos (CC): mastitis (MAST), grietas en pezón (GR), prácticas hospitalarias (PH), rechazo al seno (RS), pobre producción de leche (POB) y cinco indicadores: factores de riesgo (FR), diagnóstico clínico (DC), tratamiento (TR), contraindicaciones de lactancia (CL) y pronóstico (PR). Se usó la técnica Delphi con cinco expertos en dos rondas. Se equilibraron los reactivos, con 17 por CC e indicador y 85 en total. Se determinó la consistencia (Kuder-Richardson) con la aplicación a 30 estudiantes de octavo semestre (EM) y 30 médicos internos de pregrado (MIP). Se usó la U de Mann-Whitney para comparar los dos grupos. Se determinó también el azar en las respuestas.  Resultados:  Se obtuvo una consistencia interna global de 0.90 y por indicador de 0.74 (FR), 0.58 (DC), 0.62 (TR), 0.72 (CI), 0.77 (PR). El 43% del grupo MIP se situó en rango bajo y 57% del grupo EM en respuestas al azar. La mediana global más alta se obtuvo en MIP comparados con EM (35 vs. 15, p &lt; 0.01). Se obtuvieron medianas más altas en el grupo MIP para los indicadores FR (p = 0.02), TR (p &lt; 0.01), CL (p = 0.03) y PR (p &lt; 0.01) y cuatro CC: MAST (p &lt; 0.01), PH (p &lt; 0.01), RS (p = 0.03) y POB (p = 0.02).  Conclusiones:  Un instrumento válido y consistente muestra una aptitud clínica muy baja en pregrado que parece más alto en MIP. Se ameritan mediciones e intervenciones para evaluar la validez extrínseca.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Clinical aptitude in breastfeeding has not been studied in medical students. Currently, no instrument assesses clinical aptitude for breastfeeding.  Objective:  To construct and validate a questionnaire that measures clinical aptitude about breastfeeding in medical students.  Method:  An instrument was constructed and validated with five clinical cases (CC): mastitis (MAST), cracked nipples (GR), hospital practice (PH), breast refusal (RS), poor milk production (POB), and five indicators: risk factors (FR), clinical diagnosis (DC), treatment (TR), breast-feeding contraindications (CL) and prognosis (PR). Delphi methodology was used for its validation with a panel of five experts and two rounds of review. The number of items per clinical case and indicator was balanced, resulting in 17 items per CC and 85 in total. Consistency of the instrument was determined (Kuder-Richardson) by administering the instrument to 30 eighth-semester medical students (EM) and 30 last-year students (MIP). To compare both groups U Mann-Whitney test was used. Answers due to random were calculated.  Results:  A global consistency of 0.9 was calculated. Consistencies per indicator were as follows: 0.74 (FR), 0.58 (DC), 0.62 (TR), 0.72 (CL), 0.77 (PR). From the MIP group, 43% got in the low range, whereas 57% of the EM group answered due to random. The global median was higher in the MIP group (35 vs. 15, p &lt; 0.01). Medians in the MIP group were higher for the indicators FR (p = 0.02), TR (p &lt; 0.01), CL (p = 0.03), and PR (p &lt; 0.01), and for four CC: MAST (p &lt; 0.01), PH (p &lt; 0.01), RS (p = 0.03), and POB (p = 0.02).  Conclusions:  The administration of a valid and consistent instrument showed a very poor clinical aptitude in EM, which seems to be higher in MIP. Further measurements and interventions are needed to assess external validity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aptitud clínica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lactancia materna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[caso clínico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicador clínico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[método Delphi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Clinical aptitude]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[breastfeeding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clinical case]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clinical indicator]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Delphi method]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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