<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-5057</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación en educación médica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación educ. médica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-5057</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-50572024000400030</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fm.20075057e.2024.52.23539</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Simulación quirúrgica en modelos biológicos porcinos en la formación de residentes de cirugía cardiotorácica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Surgical simulation on porcine biological models in the training of cardiothoracic surgery residents]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sierra Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cesar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Dirección de Enseñanza ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>52</numero>
<fpage>30</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-50572024000400030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-50572024000400030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-50572024000400030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción Los planes de residencia médica quirúrgicos enfrentan el dilema de los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales, que promueven la adquisición de habilidades y competencias por medio de prácticas &#8220;in vivo&#8221;. Al día de hoy el proceso de aprendizaje para la práctica quirúrgica de la cirugía cardiaca no ha logrado consolidarse totalmente. El desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de enseñanza es necesario para la evolución de los planes de entrenamiento. Una opción viable, es generar programas de simulación en modelos biológicos que se sumen a los planes de enseñanza tradicionales.  Objetivo Evaluar el impacto en el desarrollo de habilidades quirúrgicas de un programa de aprendizaje estructurado de técnicas de cirugía cardiaca en modelos biológicos porcinos en un grupo de residentes de cirugía cardiotorácica.  Método Se implementó un programa de simulación quirúrgica en modelos biológicos porcinos conformado por 20 sesiones teórico-prácticas, simulando la interacción entre cirujano y primer ayudante dentro de quirófano, guiados por un tutor y dos instructores. Se realizó una evaluación y análisis sobre el impacto del programa, en el desarrollo de habilidades y conocimientos adquiridos, al inicio y al término del programa.  Resultados Se realizaron 20 prácticas durante el ciclo académico, con 10 médicos residentes participantes, observándose una evolución favorable en las habilidades motrices de los asistentes evaluadas al finalizar el programa, con una media en la calificación inicial de 18.8 (DS ± 4.686), que evolucionó a 27.3 (DS ± 2.003) de un total de 30 puntos al final del programa.  Discusión Con base en la evaluación del programa, se observó una mejoría en las habilidades quirúrgicas obtenidas por los médicos residentes.  Conclusiones El aprendizaje por simulación implica un proceso de práctica segura para los residentes y pacientes, que tiene un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de habilidades motrices.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction Surgical medical residency plans face the dilemma of traditional teaching methods, which promote the acquisition of skills and competencies through "in vivo" practices. To date, the learning process for surgical practice of cardiac surgery has not been fully consolidated. The development of new teaching strategies is necessary for the evolution of training plans. One viable option is to generate simulation programs on biological models that can be added to traditional teaching plans.  Objective To evaluate the impact on the development of surgical skills of a structured learning program of cardiac surgery techniques in porcine biological models in a group of cardiothoracic surgery residents.  Methods A surgical simulation program was implemented in swine biological models consisting of 20 theoretical-practical sessions, simulating the interaction between surgeon and first assistant in the operating room, guided by a tutor and two instructors. An evaluation and analysis of the impact of the program on the development of skills and knowledge acquired at the beginning and end of the program was analyzed.  Results 20 practical sessions were performed during the academic cycle, with 10 participating resident physicians, observing a favorable evolution in the motor skills of the assistants evaluated at the end of the program, with a mean initial score of 18.8 (SD ± 4.686), which evolved to 27.3 (SD ± 2.003) out of a total of 30 points at the end of the program.  Discussion Based on the evaluation of the program, an improvement in the surgical skills obtained by the resident physicians was observed.  Conclusions Simulation learning implies a safe practice process for residents and patients, which has a positive impact on the development of motor skills.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Residencia en cirugía cardiotorácica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entrenamiento por simulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[simulación quirúrgica en modelo biológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cirugía cardiotorácica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cardiothoracic surgery residency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[simulation training]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological simulation model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiothoracic surgery]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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