<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-2422</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología y ciencias del agua]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnol. cienc. agua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-2422</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Coordinación de Comunicación, Participación e Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-24222016000300093</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La influencia del efecto de borde en el pronóstico de precipitaciones utilizando DWT diádica, MODWT, ANN y ANFIS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Influence of Edge Effect on Precipitation Forecast Using DWT Diadic, MODWT, ANN y ANFIS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rousseau-Figueroa&#10013;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Infante-Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villa-Angulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallack-Alegría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>113</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-24222016000300093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-24222016000300093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-24222016000300093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se presentan los resultados que demuestran la influencia del efecto de borde al emplear modelos híbridos Wavelet Neuronal o Wavelet neurodifuso para pronosticar series de tiempo mensuales de lámina de precipitación con un mes de anticipación. Para la implementación de los modelo se utiliza la información de la estación climatológica ubicada en la presa Emilio López Zamora en la ciudad de Ensenada, al noroeste del Estado de Baja California, México. El estudio combina cuatro métodos: a) Transformada Wavelet Discreta con el algoritmo de Mallat (DWT): b) Transformada Wavelet Discreta de Máxima Superposición (MODWT); c) Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), y, d) Adaptive-Networkbased Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Se utilizan dos enfoques de preprocesamiento utilizados en la actualidad en la literatura para pronosticar series climáticas de variables hidrológicas. En el primer enfoque se emplean cuatro métodos para realizar la convolución de la transformada y se discute su relación con el fenómeno del efecto de borde. Los resultados muestran que el modelo híbrido utilizado influye de manera significativa para mejorar el entrenamiento de la red con fines de predicción, sin embargo, para la etapa de pronóstico sucede lo contrario debido al efecto de borde. En el segundo enfoque se encuentra que la serie de tiempo se tiene que reconstruir con coeficientes wavelet de escalas, que corresponden a un periodo de cinco años, y los resultados muestran que existe una componente de ruido significativa en la señal. Por último, se encontró que ANFIS autónomo es el método más sencillo y recomendable de utilizar para este tipo de series de tiempo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The influence of the edge effect by using Neuro-fuzzy Wavelet hybrid models to forecast monthly time series of precipitation one month in advance is analyze in this study. In order to implement the models, data from climatologic station, located at Emilio Lopez Zamora dam in the city of Ensenada northwestern Baja California, Mexico, was used. In particular we explore four methods: a) Discrete Wavelet Transform using the Mallat algorithm (DWT); b) Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT); c) Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), and, d) Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Two preprocessing approaches currently used in the literature to predict climatic series of hydrological variables were applied. In the first approach, four methods for performing convolution transform are used and discussed their relationship with the phenomenon of edge effect. The results show that the hybrid model used has a significant influence to improve network training for prediction purposes, however the opposite happens at forecasting step due to edge effect. Meanwhile, in the second approach, we found that reconstruction of time series must be done using wavelet coefficients of five year scales period, but the results show that there is a significant noise component in the signal. Finally, it was found that the easier and recommended method to be used for this type of time series is self ANFIS.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pronóstico de precipitación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transformada wavelet discreta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[algoritmo Mallat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto de borde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Precipitation forecast]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discrete wavelet transform]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mallat algorithm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[edge effect]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a Short-Term River Flood Forecasting Method For Snowmelt Driven Floods Based on Wavelet and Cross-Wavelet Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>353</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>247-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a Coupled Wavelet Transform and Neural Network Method for Flow Forecasting of Non-Perennial Rivers in Semi-Arid Watersheds]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adamowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>390</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>85-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wavelet Transform Analysis of Open Channel Wake Flows]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Addison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering Mechanics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>58-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neural Computing-An Introduction]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in Ungauged Streamflow Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bierman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hackett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>386</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>27-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disminución de los tiempos de entrenamiento en redes neuronales artificiales aplicadas a hidrología]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniería hidráulica en México]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>69-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Redes neuronales artificiales para pronosticar alturas de precipitación cada 15 minutos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cisneros-Iturbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelczer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniería hidráulica en México]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>5-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maximal Overlap Wavelet Statistical Analysis With Application to Atmospheric Turbulence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bretherton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Percival]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Boundary-Layer Meteorology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>339-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of ANN and ANFIS Models on Dryland Precipitation Prediction (Case study: Yazd in Central Iran)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dastorani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afkhami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharifidarani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dastorani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>2387-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Wavelet Transform, TimeFrequency Localization and Signal Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daubechies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>961-1005</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daubechies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ten Lectures on Wavelets]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SIAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predicción de la evapotranspiración de referencia mediante redes neuronales artificiales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes-Osornio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OjedaBustamente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniería hidráulica en México]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>127-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificial Neural Networks in Hydrology. I: Preliminary Concepts]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Govindaraju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrologic Engineering]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>115-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Introduction To Wavelets]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Computational Science &amp; Engineering, IEEE]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>50-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decomposition of Hardy Functions into Square Integrable Wavelets of Constant Shape]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grossmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>723-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INEGI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio hidrológico del Estado de Baja California]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ANFIS: Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>665-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonlinear Model for Drought Forecasting Based on a Conjunction of Wavelet Transforms and Neural Networks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrologic Engineering]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>319-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neural Network and Wavelet Conjunction Model for Modelling Monthly Level Fluctuations in Turkey]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ki&#351;i]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrological Processes]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>2081-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<edition>Second</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tránsito de avenidas en cauces mediante redes neuronales artificiales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniería Hidráulica de México]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>65-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acombined Neural-Wavelet Model for Prediction of Ligvanchai Watershed Precipitation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nourani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&Aminfar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>466-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling Evapotranspiration Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Neural Networks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Partal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hydrological Processes]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>3545-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wavelet and Neuro-Fuzzy Conjunction Model for Precipitation Forecasting]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Partal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ki&#351;i]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>342</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>199-212</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Percival]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Wavelet Methods for Time Series Analysis]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Runoff Prediction Using an Integrated Hybrid Modelling Scheme]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remesan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>372</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>48-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Short-Term and Long-Term Streamflow Forecasting Using a Wavelet and NeuroFuzzy Conjunction Model]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>394</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>486-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificial Neural Networks and Long-Range Precipitation Prediction in California]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dracup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Meteorology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of an Accurate and Reliable Hourly Flood Forecasting Model Using Wavelet-Bootstrap-ANN (WBANN) Hybrid Approach]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiwari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatterjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>394</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>458-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prediction of Rainfall Time Series Using Modular Artificial Neural Networks Coupled with Data-Preprocessing Techniques]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>389</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>146-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methods to Improve Neural Network Performance in Daily Flows Prediction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>372</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
