<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-1124</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-1124</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-11242022000300643</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22319/rmcp.v13i3.5776</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and associated risk factors in dairies under mechanical milking parlor-systems in Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis y factores de riesgo asociados en lecherías bajo sistemas de sala de ordeño mecánico en Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nathalia M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>643</fpage>
<lpage>657</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-11242022000300643&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-11242022000300643&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-11242022000300643&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present study aimed to determine Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) prevalence according to environmental samples and to explore the herd-level risk factors associated to MAP infection in dairy herds under mechanical milking parlor and pasture grazing-based systems. The study herds (n= 94) were located in 60 districts from five municipalities in the Northern region of the province of Antioquia, Colombia. Herds were visited once in 2016 to collect two composite environmental samples and to complete a risk assessment questionnaire. MAP identification was carried out using a quantitative real-time PCR method based on the IS900 sequence. A herd was considered as MAP-positive if one or both of the environmental samples were found positive by the molecular technique. The information on risk factors was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. The apparent herd-level prevalence found was 14.9 % (14/94; 95 % CI: 7.7-22.1), ranging from 0 to 33.3 % at municipality-level. Herds where other than Pure-Holstein breeds were predominant (i.e. Jersey, Jersey crossbreeds) were more likely to be MAP-qPCR positively infected than those on which where pure-Holstein cattle was predominant (OR=3.7; 95 % CI: 1.1-15.2). The present study reports MAP prevalence in dairy herds in the province of Antioquia (Colombia), and the association between MAP environmental positivity with the predominant breed in the herd.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) según muestras ambientales y explorar los factores de riesgo a nivel de hato asociados a la infección por MAP en hatos lecheros bajo sistemas de sala de ordeño mecánico y basados en pastoreo de prados. Los hatos de estudio (n= 94) se ubicaron en 60 distritos de cinco municipios de la región Norte de la Provincia de Antioquia, Colombia. Los hatos fueron visitados una vez en 2016 para recolectar dos muestras ambientales compuestas y completar un cuestionario de evaluación de riesgos. La identificación de MAP se llevó a cabo utilizando un método de PCR cuantitativo en tiempo real basado en la secuencia IS900. Un hato se consideró como MAP-positivo si una o ambas muestras ambientales resultaron positivas mediante la técnica molecular. La información sobre los factores de riesgo se analizó utilizando un modelo de regresión logística multivariable. La prevalencia aparente a nivel de hato encontrada fue de 14.9 % (14/94; IC 95 %: 7.7-22.1), oscilando entre 0 y 33.3 % a nivel municipal. Los hatos en los que predominaban razas distintas a la Holstein pura (estas son, Jersey, cruzas de Jersey) tenían más probabilidades de estar positivamente infectados con MAP-qPCR que aquellos en los que predominaba el ganado Holstein puro (OR= 3.7; IC 95 %: 1.1-15.2). El presente estudio reporta la prevalencia de MAP en hatos lecheros de la Provincia de Antioquia (Colombia), y la asociación entre la positividad ambiental de MAP con la raza predominante en el hato.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental sampling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Holstein]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jersey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Johne&#8217;s disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Muestreo ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Holstein]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Jersey]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedad de Johne]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweeney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transmission of paratuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>305-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The pathology and pathogenesis of paratuberculosis in ruminants and other species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Comp Pathol]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<page-range>217-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whittington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddacliff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dam water and sediment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Environ Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>5304-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maltin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental risk factors in the incidence of Johne&#8217;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Rev Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7828</volume>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kudahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Østergaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sørensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A stochastic model simulating paratuberculosis in a dairy herd]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>97-117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAloon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whyte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[More]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Grady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of paratuberculosis on milk yield-A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<page-range>1449-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bjerre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Colostrum and milk as risk factors for infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>4610-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis of Johne&#8217;s disease: current limitations and prospects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cattle Pract]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>104-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consensus recommendations on diagnostic testing for the detection of paratuberculosis in cattle in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Vet Med Assoc]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>229</volume>
<page-range>1912-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douarre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cashman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coffey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Mahony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isolation and detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) from cattle in Ireland using both traditional culture and molecular based methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gut Pathog]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eamens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whittington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saunders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemsley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rayward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative sensitivity of various faecal culture methods and ELISA in dairy cattle herds with endemic Johne&#8217;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>357-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweeney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcguirk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paratuberculosis (Johne&#8217;s disease) in cattle and other susceptible species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vet Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1239-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlation between Herrold egg yolk medium culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results for Mycobacterium avium subspecies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vet]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>683</volume>
<page-range>677-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kopin&#269;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandelj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stari&#269;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapanje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocepek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of combined high-efficiency DNA extraction and real-time PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in subclinically infected dairy cattle: Comparison with faecal culture, milk real-time PCR and milk ELISA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Vet Res]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alinovi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-time PCR, compared to liquid and solid culture media and ELISA, for the detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>177-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kube]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dressel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Einax]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfeffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Failing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in environmental samples by faecal culture and real-time PCR in relation to apparent within-herd prevalence as determined by individual faecal culture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiol Infect]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<page-range>975-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soumya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukhopadhyay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VN.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of faecal culture and IS900 PCR assay for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine faecal samples]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Res Commun]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>781-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Buck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OrseL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sampling location, herd size, and season influence Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis environmental culture results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<page-range>275-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wagner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Herd-level risk factors for infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in US dairies and association between familiarity of the herd manager with the disease or prior diagnosis of the disease in that herd and use of preventive measures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Vet Med Assoc]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>216</volume>
<page-range>1450-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of prevalences of paratuberculosis in farmed animals in Europe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic review of the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle, sheep, and goats in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trop Anim Health Prod]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1321-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdulmawjood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akineden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bülte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serological and molecular detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle of dairy herds in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trop Anim Health Prod]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1501-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arteaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montezuma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio epidemiológico de paratuberculosis bovina en hatos lecheros del sur de Nariño, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Vet]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>57-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Milk yield and lactation stage are associated with positive results to ELISA for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cows from Northern Antioquia, Colombia: A preliminary study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trop Anim Health Prod]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>1191-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango-Sabogal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fecteau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds in Northern Antioquia (Colombia) and associated risk factors using environmental sampling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>170</volume>
<page-range>104739</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobernación de Antioquia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Fichas municipales de Antioquia 2015-2016. Colombia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fedegan (Federación Nacional de Ganaderos).</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Registro de vacunación, primer ciclo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dohoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stryhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Veterinary epidemiologic research]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Berkeley Way]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naqvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Buck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orsel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uehlinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infections in Canadian dairy herds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>11218-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hellemans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huggett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kubista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The MIQE guidelines: Minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Chem]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>611-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maltin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental risk factors in the incidence of Johnes disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Rev Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>488-507</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enevoldsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gröhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YT.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ELISA response by parity and stage of lactation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Buck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slomp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flaig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haupstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orsel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High herd-level prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Western Canadian dairy farms, based on environmental sampling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<page-range>6250-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillars]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grooms]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaneene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Longitudinal study of the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the environment of dairy herds in the Michigan Johne&#8217;s disease control demonstration herd project]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can Vet J]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1039-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillars]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grooms]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woltanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Michigan dairy herds infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as determined by environmental sampling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>191-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NcNab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Dreumel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An epidemiological study of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in Ontario: study design and prevalence estimates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Vet]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>246-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çetinkaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationships between the presence of Johne&#8217;s disease and farm and management factors in dairy cattle in England]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>253-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakobsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A cross-sectional study of paratuberculosis in 1155 Danish dairy cows]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Vet Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>15-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic variation of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in US Holsteins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>1804-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic susceptibility to paratuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Clin Food Anim]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>559-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetics of host susceptibility to paratuberculosis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Paratuberculosis: Organism, Disease, Control]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>50-5</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[England ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CAB International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cows from Northern Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>48-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hannah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of compliance with recommended calf-rearing practices on control of bovine Johne&#8217;s disease RIDGE2005]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aust Vet J]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>85-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
