<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-0705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nova scientia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nova scientia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-0705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Salle Bajío A. C., Coordinación de Investigación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-07052015000200398</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Embriogénesis somática secundaria en el genotipo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) inifap 1 y su descripción histológica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Somatic secondary embryogenesis in the genotype of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) inifap 1 and his histological description]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lázaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azpeitia-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sáenz-Carbonell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirafuentes Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[H. Cárdenas Tabasco]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Mexico  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Huimanguillo Tabasco]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>MX</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<fpage>398</fpage>
<lpage>417</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-07052015000200398&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-07052015000200398&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-07052015000200398&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La embriogénesis somática aplicada para la propagación clonal de plantas de cacao, aun es de baja eficiencia, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de los cotiledones procedentes de embriones somáticos primarios como fuente de explante para inducir embriogénesis somática secundaria (ESS) en presencia de fitohormonas y sin estas en el genotipo de cacao inifap 1, asi como describir los eventos de la ESS desde los 30 hasta los 240 días de cultivo. El uso de las fitohormonas ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiácetico (2,4-D) y thidiazuron (TDZ) son importantes para inducir la embriogénesis somática (ES) primaria en cacao. Adicionalmente para generar la ESS se han utilizado fitohormonas. En la presente investigación, fueron establecidos cuatro tratamientos con fregmentos de cotiledón, con 2,4-D y TDZ en forma combinada e independiente, incluyendo un testigo sin fitohormonas. Los resultados mostraron, que los fragmentos de cotiledón cultivados sin fitohormonas favorece la ESS, obteniendo un promedio de seis embriones somáticos secundarios (ESs) a los 210 días de cultivo contra uno para el tratamiento suplementado con TDZ. El meristemo apical y radicular se presentó en un periodo de 240 días, se observaron embriones somáticos con estructuras externas como: cotiledones, ápices y raíces. Los resultados mostraron que la exclusión del 2,4-D y el thidiazuron no son importantes para inducir la ESS. El mayor número de ESs se encontró en un medio desprovisto de fitohormonas por lo que esta información es relevante, debido a que los explantes de cotiledones procedentes de embriones somáticos primarios, generan mayor número de ESs en esta especie. Estos resultados constituyen el primer reporte de la inducción de la ESs sin fitohormonas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Somatic embryogenesis applied for clonal propagation of cocoa plants efficiency is still low, so that the objective of this investigation was to assess the response of the cotyledons from primary somatic embryos as explant source to induce somatic embryogenesis secondary (ESS) in presence of phytohormones and without these, in the cocoa genotype INIFAP 1 as well as describe the events of the ESS from 30 to 240 days of culture. Use of the phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and thidiazuron (TDZ), are important for primary somatic embryogenesis in cocoa. In the present investigation four treatments were established with fregment cotyledon, with phytohormones 2,4-D and TDZ in combination and independently, including a control without phytohormones.The results shown indicate that cotyledon fragments cultured without phytohormones favors ESS, obtaining an average of six secondary somatic embryos (ESs) at 210 days of culture against one for the treatment supplemented with TDZ. The apical meristem and radicular appeared in a period of 240 days, somatic embryos were observed by external structures as: cotyledons, apexes and roots. The apical meristem and radicular appeared in a period of 240 days, somatic embryos were observed by external structures as: cotyledons, apexes and roots. The results showed that the exclusion of 2,4-D and the thidiazuron they are not important to induce the ESS.The major number of ESs was found in a medium devoid of fitohormones so this information is relevant, because the cotyledon explants from primary somatic embryos, generate greater number of ESs in this species. These results constitute the first report of the induction of ESs without phytohormones.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Theobroma cacao L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cacao]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[embriogénesis somática secundaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[histología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Theobroma cacao L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cocoa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[secondary somatic embryogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[histology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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