<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3453</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de biodiversidad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Biodiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3453</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Biología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-34532022000101001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.4080</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[First report of the Philornis torquans complex in adult birds in continental Ecuador: Is parasitism by Philornis being underestimated?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Primer reporte del complejo Philornis torquans en aves adultas en Ecuador continental: ¿está siendo subestimado el parasitismo por Philornis?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaccorso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Litoral Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Esperanza Santa Fe]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santo Domingo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Dominican Republic (The)</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad San Francisco de Quito  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>93</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-34532022000101001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-34532022000101001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-34532022000101001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Myiasis by Philornis is a usual phenomenon in Neotropical birds. Philornis larvae are hematophagous and are known to affect both nestlings and adults. Still, parasitism in adults seems opportunistic and has been poorly studied compared to parasitism in nestlings. Here, we inspected 1,429 adult and juvenile birds of 41 species from an Andean dry forest in northern Ecuador, searching for infestations by Philornis larvae. For the first time, we report parasitism by Philornis in adult birds of 6 species of passerine birds (Troglodytes aedon, Conirostrum cinereum, Geospizopsis plebejus, Zonotrichia capensis, Pheucticus chrysogaster, and Spinus magellanicus). We also report the first cases of infestation by the Philornis torquans complex in Ecuador and provide data on the prevalence of Philornis myiasis in this Andean dry forest. We extend both the host range and the geographic distribution of the P. torquans complex.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La miasis por Philornis es un fenómeno habitual en las aves neotropicales. Las larvas de Philornis son hematófagas y se sabe que afectan tanto a los polluelos como a los adultos. Sin embargo, el parasitismo en adultos parece ser oportunista y ha sido poco estudiado en comparación con el parasitismo en polluelos. En este estudio inspeccionamos 1,429 aves adultas y juveniles de 41 especies de un bosque seco andino en el norte de Ecuador, en busca de infestaciones por larvas de Philornis. Por primera vez, reportamos parasitismo por Philornis en aves adultas de 6 especies de aves paseriformes (Troglodytes aedon, Conirostrum cinereum, Geospizopsis plebejus, Zonotrichia capensis, Pheucticus chrysogaster y Spinus magellanicus). También reportamos los primeros casos de infestación por el complejo Philornis torquans en Ecuador y proveemos datos sobre la prevalencia de miasis por Philornis en este bosque seco andino. Ampliamos tanto el rango de hospedadores como la distribución geográfica del complejo P. torquans.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Andean dry forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dipteran parasites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Host]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Larvae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Myiasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bosque seco andino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Parásitos dípteros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hospedador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Larvas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Miasis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bosques secos en Ecuador y su diversidad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Øllgaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borchsenius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Botánica económica de los Andes Centrales]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>162-87</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Paz ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Mayor de San Andrés]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arendt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Philornis ectoparasitism of Pearly-eyed Thrashers. II. Effects on adults and reproduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Auk]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>281-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>BirdLife International</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Country profile: Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulgarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dregni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunninghame]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae), an avian nest parasite invasive to the Galapagos Islands, in mainland Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of the Entomological Society of America]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>242-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bulgarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heimpel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Additive negative effects of Philornis nest parasitism on small and declining Neotropical bird populations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bird Conservation International]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahamonde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Avian haemosporidian infections in rufous-collared sparrows in an Andean dry forest: diversity and factors related to prevalence and parasitaemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parasitology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<page-range>765-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reproducción y dieta de la lagartija andina Stenocercus guentheri (Squamata: Iguania) en el Parque Protector Jerusalem]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuervo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Percara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beldomenico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental variables determining the distribution of an avian parasite: the case of the Philornis torquans complex in South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical and Veterinary Entomology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>284-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dudaniec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleindorfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of the parasitic flies of the genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) on birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emu]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>13-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dudaniec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleindorfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fessl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of the introduced ectoparasite Philornis downsi on haemoglobin level and nestling survival in Darwin's Small Ground Finch (Geospiza fuliginosa)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Austral Ecology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>88-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fessl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleindorfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tebbich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An experimental study on the effects of an introduced parasite in Darwin's finches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Conservation]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<page-range>55-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tropical plant-herbivore networks: reconstructing species interactions using DNA barcodes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plos One]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McClure]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Native parasitic nest fly impacts reproductive success of an Island-endemic host]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Conservation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>157-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermúdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Myiasis by Philornis spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Dendroica castanea (Aves: Parulidae) in Panama]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>854-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecoimmunity in Darwin's Finches: Invasive Parasites Trigger Acquired Immunity in the Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza fortis)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plos One]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>5</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozewicki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brief bioinform]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1160-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kearse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stone-Havas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sturrock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioinformatics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1647-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleindorfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dudaniec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Host-parasite ecology, behavior and genetics: a review of the introduced fly parasite Philornis downsi and its Darwin's finch hosts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Zoology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laverty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental demonstration of the fitness consequences of an introduced parasite of Darwin's finches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plos One]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanfear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frandsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calcott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution formolecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecular Biology and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>772-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Little]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Myiasis in wild birds]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Parasitic diseases of wild birds]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>546-56</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ames, Iowa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löwenberg-Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The structure of the parasite-host interactions between Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) and neotropical birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>575-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löwenberg-Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zootaxa]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3650</volume>
<page-range>1-147</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravia-Pietropaolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antoniazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrasting consequences of different defence strategies in a natural multihost-parasite system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal for Parasitology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>445-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alien invasion: Biology of Philornis flies highlighting Philornis downsi, an introduced parasite of Galapagos birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Entomology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>369-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yépez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Parasitism by an invasive nest fly reduces future reproduction in Galápagos mockingbirds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oecologia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>192</volume>
<page-range>363-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medrano-Vizcaíno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dinámica de la distribución y hospederos de Molothrus bonariensis (Passeriformes: Icteridae) en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caldasia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>38-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Couri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silvestri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venzal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from Philornis seguyi (García, 1952) and Philornis torquans (Nielsen, 1913) (Diptera: Muscidae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Systematic Parasitology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>43-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mydaea anomala Jaenn., a parasite of South-American birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vidensk Dansk Naturh Foren]]></source>
<year>1912</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>195-208</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cockle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence for tolerance of parasitism in a tropical cavity-nesting bird, Planalto woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris), in northern Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>619-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otranto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The immunology of myiasis: parasite survival and host defense strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Parasitology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>176-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñafiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guayasamin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaccorso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A cost-effective protocol for total DNA isolation from animal tissue]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neotropical Biodiversity]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>69-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Percara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beldomenico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of parasitic flies of the Philornis torquans complex in southern South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical and Veterinary Entomology]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reboreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lethal and sublethal effects of botfly (Philornis seguyi) parasitism on house wren nestlings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Condor]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>197-202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beldomenico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Datos moleculares nuevos sobre Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) subcutáneas del sur de Sudamérica sugieren la existencia de un complejo de especies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>1383-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knutie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[More than just nestlings: incidence of subcutaneous Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) nest flies in adult birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parasitology Research]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>2337-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. V. Jr.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Areta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonaccorso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Claramunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A classification of the bird species of South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Ornithological Society]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Astudillo-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Notes on the nest, owlets, diet, and parasites of the Choco Screech-Owl (Megascops guatemalae centralis) in Loma Alta Communal Reserve, Western Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wilson Journal Ornithology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>377-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabrosky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bird blowflies (Protocalliphora) in North America (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with notes on Palearctic species]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Smithsonian Institution Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodrati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aves víctimas del parasitismo de moscas del género Philornis en Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nuestras Aves]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>16-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reboreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of botfly parasitism on nestling growth and mortality in Red-crested Cardinals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wilson Journal of Ornithology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<page-range>107-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantifying the relative importance of direct and indirect effects influencing bird nestling growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Integrative Zoology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Myiasis caused by obligate parasites, Ib. general observations on the biology of species of genus Philornis meinert]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimaraes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papavero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Myasis in man and animals in the neotropical region]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>71-96</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sao Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pleidae]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of the parasitic botfly Philornis carinatus on nestling House Wrens, Troglodytes aedon, in Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oecologia]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>256-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwickl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under maximum likelihood criterion]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Austin, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of Texas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
