Análisis y reconfiguración óptima de líneas de efluentes a una unidad de tratamiento multicontaminante
Analysis and optimal retrofit of effluent lines entering a multicontaminant treatment unit
R. Hernández–Suárez1*, J.M. Zamora–Mata2, F. Murrieta–Guevara1 y R. Lugo–Leyte2
1 Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de Procesos y Reactores, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Cd. de México, 07730 México. * Autor para la correspondencia. E–mail: rhsuarez@imp.mx. Tel: (55) 91758206, Fax: (55) 9175 8429
2 Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, Cd. de México, 09340 México.
]]>Recibido 8 de Octubre 2007
Aceptado 6 de Junio 2008
Resumen
Este trabajo trata sobre el problema de optimización de sistemas multi–contaminantes de efluentes industriales que contienen una unidad de tratamiento. Los altos costos que representan la construcción de nuevas plantas de tratamiento de efluentes cuando se deben cumplir restricciones normativas más severas en las industrias, hace obligatorio la búsqueda de alternativas que sean atractivas para el reuso de los sistemas existentes. Se propone un procedimiento que enfatiza la re–evaluación y reconfiguración de instalaciones de tratamiento de contaminantes existentes, que tiene como base la solución sucesiva de un modelo de programación no lineal (PNL). En el método de programación matemática que se propone, se desarrolla un modelo matemático de programación no lineal y no convexo, que exhibe la presencia de bilinealidades que frecuentemente causan problemas de convergencia a soluciones óptimas globales. Para evitar tales dificultades, en el procedimiento de solución y análisis del problema que se presenta se introduce un modelo de programación lineal, donde se obtienen los menores costos de tratamiento, para ajustarse a tales cambios más estrictos en las regulaciones ambientales. Un problema ilustrativo es presentado para demostrar el método y conducir un análisis sistemático de la región factible de diseño.
Palabras clave: diseño de sistemas de tratamiento multi–contaminante de efluentes, análisis y reconfiguración de líneas de efluentes, optimización no convexa, regulaciones ambientales, región factible de diseño.
Abstract
The investment costs involved in the construction of a new treatment system, and the fact that standards for the discharge of contaminants to the environment may vary during the life of an industrial plant, foster the development of methodologies for the analysis, and development of cost effective retrofit designs for wastewater treatment systems. This paper presents an efficient methodology for the analysis and retrofit of multi–contaminant wastewater treatment systems which involve a single treatment unit. The developed methodology is based on a non linear programming model that captures the topological and operational features of a treatment superstructure, which contains all possible layouts for the treatment system, and incorporates a recycle stream that strengthens the system's contaminant removal capabilities. The developed nonconvex mathematical model is accompanied by a non deterministic, but very reliable solution strategy that conducts a systematical exploration of the search space, in the pursuit for global optimal solutions. A case study that includes both, the analysis, and the retrofit of an existing wastewater treatment system, under current and foreseeable contaminant concentration limits, is utilized to illustrate the proposed methodology.
]]> Keywords: design of wastewater treatment system, analysis and retrofit design, nonconvex optimization, network superstructure, environmental regulations.
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