<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1995</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[REB. Revista de educación bioquímica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. educ. bioquím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1995</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Mexicana de Profesores de Bioquímica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-19952015000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia Bacteriana a Quinolonas: Determinantes Codificados en Plásmidos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Jacobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Morelia Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-19952015000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-19952015000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-19952015000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las quinolonas, un grupo de antibióticos sintéticos, han generado un considerable interés tanto científico como clínico. El mecanismo de acción de las quinolonas consiste en la inhibición de las enzimas ADN girasa y topoisomerasa IV. Las primeras topo-bacterias resistentes a quinolonas estudiadas contenían mutaciones en los genes isomerasas, cromosómicos que codifican a dichas enzimas. De manera inesperada, recientemente plásmidos. se identificaron determinantes de resistencia a quinolonas en varios plásmidos. Las propiedades de estos determinantes se analizan brevemente en esta revisión.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Quinolones, a group of synthetic antibiotics, have generated significant interest both in scientific and clinical grounds. The mechanism of action of quinolones consists in the inhibition of the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The first quinolone-resistant bacteria studied had mutations in chromosomal genes encoding those enzymes. Unexpectedly, several plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance determinants have been identified recently. The properties of these determinants are briefly analyzed in this review.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[topoisomerasas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plásmidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[topoisomerases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plasmids]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of quinolone action and resistance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldred]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osheroff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>1565-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of the quinolones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacGowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The newer fluoroquinolones]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolon M]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Med Clin North Am]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>793-817</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quinolones: actions and resistance updated]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drlica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kerns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mustaev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Top Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>981-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The quinolones: decades of development and use]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emmerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Antimicrob Chemother]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>13-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plasmid-encoded multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to olaquindox in Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johannesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burmolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sorensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrob Agents Chemother]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>3332-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quinolone resistance: much more than predicted]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Front Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DNA Gyrase-mediated wrapping of the DNA strand is required for the replication fork arrest by the DNA Gyrase-Quinolone-DNA ternary complex]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>275</volume>
<page-range>34780-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The DNA Gyrase-Quinolone complex: ATP hydrolysis and the mechanism of DNA cleavage]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kampranis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maxwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>273</volume>
<page-range>22615-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quinolone molecular structure-activity relationships: What we have learned about improving antimicrobial activity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>180-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fluoroquinolone-modifying enzyme: a new adaptation of a common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robicsek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strahilevitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacoby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macielag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbanat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>83-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The pentapeptide repeat proteins]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vetting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roderick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takiff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanchard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
