<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-1146</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-1146</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-11462019000300106</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/bmhim.19000159</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La obesidad y el genotipo ahorrador. Determinismo biológico y social versus libre albedrío]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Obesity and thrifty genotype. Biological and social determinism versus free will]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garduño-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quezada-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merelo-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Violeta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Onofre]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>106</fpage>
<lpage>112</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-11462019000300106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-11462019000300106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-11462019000300106&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La obesidad es un problema de salud pública mundial con un crecimiento alarmante para el cual no se han encontrado respuestas concluyentes en relación con sus causas. Entre las múltiples hipótesis que intentan explicar la epidemia, se encuentra la del genotipo ahorrador, propuesta por James V. Neel en 1962. Neel propone que las variaciones genéticas en comunidades cazadoras-recolectoras que fueron selectivamente favorables en el pasado -ya que permitieron enfrentar episodios de hambruna-, se convierten en una desventaja en la actualidad cuando los alimentos se han vuelto abundantes y son relativamente constantes. A pesar de tener muchos críticos, la conjetura de Neel permanece vigente. En este artículo se argumenta que la hipótesis del genotipo ahorrador apoya un enfoque explicativo basado en el determinismo biológico. Esta postura, al igual que la del determinismo social, subestiman el papel del individuo como un ente libre y responsable. Se hace la consideración de que la pandemia de obesidad no podrá ser explicada ni resuelta en tanto no ocurra un cambio drástico en el marco teórico prevalente en el que se incorpore el enfoque de que el individuo es un agente independiente, libre y responsable de sí mismo, con la capacidad potencial de colocarse por encima de su herencia biológica y del ambiente que lo rodea. No se rechaza la influencia de la biología y el entorno social en la conducta, pero se propone que esta se deriva de manera primordial de decisiones fundadas en el libre albedrío, el cual no está determinado ni biológica ni socialmente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Obesity is a global public health problem with a concerning increasing rate and no conclusive answer related to its causes. The thrifty genotype, proposed by James V. Neel in 1962, is one of the many hypotheses that intend to explain the epidemic. Neel proposed that genetic variations in hunter-gatherer communities-which were selectively favorable in the past since they allowed to confront famine-are currently a disadvantage because food is plentiful and relatively constant. This conclusion remains valid despite being highly criticized. This review discusses that the hypothesis of the thrifty genotype supports an explicative approach based on biological determinism. This approach, such as social determinism, underestimates the role of individuals as free entities responsible for their own behavior. While a drastic change in the current theoretical framework occurs, in which individuals are considered as independent, free and self-responsible agents with the ability to overcome their heredity and their environment, the idea that the obesity pandemic cannot be explained or solved will be present. Although the influence of these elements in behavior is not rejected, it is proposed that behavior potentially and mainly comes from free will, which is neither biologically nor socially determined.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Genotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ahorrador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Conducta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Determinismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Thrifty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Determinism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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